危险犬致人损害情形中的行为人刑事责任研究
Research on the Criminal Liability of the Perpetrator in the Case of Damage Caused by Dangerous Dogs

《2023~2024年中国宠物行业白皮书》显示，2023年我国宠物犬数量为5175万只，与去年同期相比增长了1.1%。随着宠物犬数量的增加，犬只致人损害事件层出不穷。就其中危险犬致人损害的案件而言，司法实践表现出了较为明显的争议与分歧。在行为人已以实际行动表现出不作为的情形下，其主观心态应如何判断，以及究竟应认定危害公共安全罪还是侵犯公民人身权利罪，各地司法机关在类案中的处断并不完全一致。解决上述问题，应从危险犬本质为危险源出发，确认行为人的作为义务；明辨行为主体，考量认知因素，探究主观心态；具体问题具体分析，根据危险犬致人损害的具体情形确定罪名。
The China Pet Industry White Paper 2023~2024 shows that there were 51.75 million pet dogs in China in 2023, an increase of 1.1% from the same period last year. With the increasing number of pet dogs, incidents of dogs causing harm to people have become more frequent. As for the cases of dangerous dogs causing harm to people, there has been considerable controversy and disagreement in judicial practice. In cases where the perpetrator has already demonstrated inaction through actual actions, how to judge their subjective state of mind, and whether to classify the crime as endangering public safety or violating citizens’ personal rights, the judicial authorities in similar cases have not always reached the same conclusion. To solve these problems, we should start from the fact that dangerous dogs are inherently dangerous sources and confirm the perpetrator’s obligation to act; Clarify the subject of the action, consider cognitive factors, and investigate the perpetrator’s subjective state of mind; Analyze specific problems specifically, and determine the crime name based on the specific circumstances of the damage caused by dangerous dogs.