基于因子分析的职校生考试焦虑影响因素及对策研究^*——以五年一贯制学生为例
Influencing Factors and Countermeasures of Examination Anxiety of Vocational School Students Based on Factor Analysis—Taking Five-Year Consistent System Students as an Example

[-rId8-]^*作者简介：钱志晟(2000-)，男，江苏理工学院炎培学院在读硕士，主要研究方向为职业技术教育学；孙建波(1980-)，女，江苏理工学院炎培学院副教授，硕士生导师，南京航空航天大学管理科学与工程专业博士研究生，主要研究方向为职业技术教育学、管理科学与工程。^#通讯作者。研究目的：探讨个体、人际关系、考试应对能力对职校生考试焦虑的影响，并分析性别、年级、户口、家庭情况与学生考试焦虑的关系，为制定缓解策略提供依据。研究方法：通过问卷星平台发放问卷，使用SPSS26.0进行数据处理，构建理论模型。研究结果：1) 职校生考试焦虑水平整体不高，更关注实践和就业前景。2) 家庭情况对学生考试焦虑无显著差异；个体应对压力和焦虑的能力受性格、应对能力和生活经验影响。3) 户口类型对学生考试焦虑无显著差异；户口类型差异不直接导致考试焦虑差异。4) 五年一贯制二年级学生应对考试焦虑能力最佳，考试应对能力需专门训练，与年龄无相关性。5) 低年级学生喜欢多样化方式缓解焦虑，高年级学生则更注重精神满足。研究结论：常州市五年一贯制职校生考试焦虑情况不严重，在家庭、户口、人际关系等方面存在差异，低年级和高年级学生缓解焦虑方式有所不同。
Research Objective: To explore the impact of individual factors, interpersonal relationships, and exam coping abilities on exam anxiety among vocational school students, and to analyze the relationship between student exam anxiety and factors such as gender, grade, household registration, and family background, in order to provide a basis for formulating strategies to alleviate exam anxiety. Research Method: Questionnaires were distributed through the Wenjuanxing platform, and data processing was conducted using SPSS26.0 to construct a theoretical model. Research Findings: 1) The overall level of exam anxiety among vocational school students is not high, and they are more focused on practical skills and employment prospects. 2) There is no significant difference in exam anxiety among students from different family backgrounds; individuals’ abilities to cope with stress and anxiety are influenced by personality, coping abilities, and life experiences. 3) There is no significant difference in exam anxiety among students of different household registration types; differences in household registration do not directly lead to differences in exam anxiety. 4) Students in the second year of the five-year integrated vocational school program have the best ability to cope with exam anxiety, and exam coping abilities require specialized training and are not correlated with age. 5) Lower-grade students prefer diversified methods to relieve anxiety, such as listening to music, playing games, and exercising, while upper-grade students focus more on spiritual fulfillment in addition to these methods. Research Conclusion: The situation of exam anxiety among five-year integrated vocational school students in Changzhou is not severe. There are differences in family background, household registration, interpersonal relationships, and other aspects.