“文化资本”视域下城乡小学教育公平问题研究
Study on Equity in Urban and Rural Primary Education from the Perspective of “Cultural Capital”

教育公平是世界各国教育改革和发展研究的重要课题。从教育公平的内涵出发，本文提出了城乡小学教育不公平的现象包括教育机会和教育过程的不公平。文化资本理论是布迪厄教育社会学思想的重要组成部分。文化资本理论认为，相对于经济资本和社会资本而言，通过家庭所传递的文化资本具有资本继承性的最佳的隐蔽方式，是一种最隐蔽、最具社会决定意义的教育投资。文化资本与学校教育之间存在着一种相互影响、相互促进、相辅相成的关系，差距过大的文化资本对城乡小学的教育公平问题产生一定影响。最后，针对城乡小学教育公平问题，提出政策干预、增加对弱势群体的教育投入以及沟通城乡教育流通渠道，弱化城乡教育差距等策略。
Educational equity is an important topic in the study of educational reform and development in countries around the world. Starting from the connotation of educational equity, this paper proposes that the phenomenon of inequity in urban and rural primary education includes inequity in educational opportunities and educational processes. Cultural capital theory is an important part of Bourdieu’s educational sociology thought. The theory of cultural capital holds that, relative to economic and social capital, cultural capital transmitted through the family has the best hidden way of capital inheritance, and is one of the most hidden and socially determined educational investments. There exists a relationship of mutual influence, mutual promotion and complementarity between cultural capital and school education, and the cultural capital with too big a gap has a certain impact on the problem of educational equity in urban and rural elementary school. Finally, to address the problem of equity in education in urban and rural elementary school, strategies such as policy intervention, increased investment in education for disadvantaged groups, and communication between urban and rural education circulation channels to weaken the urban-rural education gap are proposed.