声音中的社会历史与民族记忆——论《仪式》的听觉叙事
Social History and Racial Memory in Sound—On Auditory Narration of Ceremony

近年来，文学研究中的“听觉转向”趋势逐渐受到广泛的关注。美国本土裔作家莱斯利·马蒙·西尔科的作品中不乏关于声音的书写。本文试从西尔科长篇小说《仪式》中的自然之声、生活之声、美学之声这三类声音入手，探究声音中蕴含的社会历史与民族记忆。这类听觉叙事不仅有助于打破读图时代的写作窠臼，给予读者丰富的听觉想象空间，更能展现小说主人公的内心动向，推动叙事场景转换。而且声音与印第安族群文化传统和记忆密切相关，研究小说中的听觉叙事有助于理解印第安族裔身份的认同与构建。
The “acoustic turn” in literary studies has received widespread attention in recent years. There are many depictions of sound in the works of Leslie Marmon Silko, one of the most famous Native American writers. This paper is to explore the social history and racial memory embedded in the sounds of nature, life, and aesthetics in Silko’s novel Ceremony. This kind of auditory narrative not only helps to break the writing pattern in the age of read-image and provide readers with a broad space for auditory imagination, but also shows the inner movement of the protagonists, and pushes forward the transformation of the narrative scene. Moreover, sound is closely related to cultural traditions and memories of American Indian communities. The study of auditory narratives in this novel helps to understand the identification and construction of American Indian ethnic identity.