传统农村社区环境治理的内生动力分析——基于溧水区仓口古村的案例调查
Analysis of the Internal Driving Forces for Environmental Governance in Traditional Rural Communities —Based on the Case Study of Cangkou Ancient Village in Lishui District

目的：农村社区环境问题是乡村振兴中面临的重要挑战。中国传统农村社区环境治理的主要问题是现代环境治理手段与农村社区居民传统观念的博弈。由此，如何正确认识农村社区环境治理的传统观念、解读农村环境治理的传统智慧、捕捉农村社区环境治理从传统到现代过程中的主要问题、分析农村社区环境治理的内生动因，是文章的主要目的。方法：笔者对南京市溧水区仓口古村进行案例调查，采取田野调查法、访谈法，收集案例地的相关信息、掌握案例的实际情况。结果：现代环境治理手段包括地方政府对环境政策的修正、地方环保部门的监督和生态执法、市场调控经济架构，引导各类企业和资本参与社区环境共治。而传统农村社区环境治理主要通过社区舆论、村规民约、乡贤能人和宗亲氏族团体组织领导、遵循传统生态文化等。正因如此，传统农村社区环境治理更加注重乡户的参与，从而在“熟人社会”的人际关系网络中衍生出社区“人际奖惩机制”，这种内生型管理制度，不仅能够纠正农村社区居民的不当行为，而且可以配合地方政府推进建设现代化美丽乡村的工作进程。结论：传统农村社区环境治理中的内生动力产生，是现代化观念融入乡村建设过程中，村内特殊的利益群体和乡村政府之间良性互动所衍生出的价值认同、利益共享和资源内化的聚合效力。
Objective: Environmental issues in rural communities pose a significant challenge to rural revitalization. The main problem in the traditional environmental governance of rural communities in China lies in the conflict between modern environmental governance methods and the traditional beliefs of rural community residents. Therefore, the main purposes of this paper are to correctly understand the traditional beliefs regarding rural community environmental governance, interpret the traditional wisdom in rural environmental governance, identify the major issues in the transition from traditional to modern rural community environmental governance, and analyze the internal driving forces behind rural community environmental governance. Method: The author conducted a case study on Cangkou Ancient Village in Lishui District, Nanjing, using fieldwork and interviews to collect relevant information and grasp the actual situation of the case. Results: Modern environmental governance methods include amendments to environmental policies by local governments, supervision and ecological enforcement by local environmental protection departments, and market regulation of the economic structure to guide various enterprises and capital to participate in community environmental co-governance. In contrast, traditional rural community environmental governance primarily relies on community public opinion, village regulations and agreements, the leadership of village elites and clan groups, and adherence to traditional ecological culture. As a result, traditional rural community environmental governance emphasizes the participation of villagers, leading to the development of a community-based “interpersonal reward and punishment mechanism” within the interpersonal network of the “familiar society”. This internally generated management system not only corrects inappropriate behaviors of rural community