民法物权视角下林业碳汇归属路径研究
Research on the Attribution Path of Forestry Carbon Sequestration from the Perspective of Civil Law Property Rights

林业碳汇作为森林资源生态功能商品化的新兴事物，界定其归属与权利性质是构建碳排放权交易市场和研究林业碳汇相关制度的前提，然而我国《森林法》《民法典》乃至其他相关政策文件对这一问题并未进行规定与解释。从民法物权视角看，林业碳汇能够满足民法对“物”的要求，并属于森林系统的孳息。经过林权改革以及《森林法》对与林地相关的用益物权规定下，林业碳汇与传统林权存在密不可分的联系，存在归属路径可能。但是传统林权中对于森林资源的开发利用并未涵盖对于林业碳汇这一生态功能的使用，若将林业碳汇与传统林权进行链接将导致权利间的冲突与林业碳汇归属混乱。故应当通过行政许可给予林业碳汇权准物权属性，通过配套立法对林业碳汇归属以及流转进行系统管理。
As an emerging phenomenon of the commercialization of the ecological functions of forest resources, defining the ownership and nature of rights of forestry carbon sinks is a prerequisite for building carbon emission rights trading markets and studying related systems for forestry carbon sinks. However, China’s “Forest Law”, “Civil Code” and other relevant policy documents have not stipulated or explained this issue. From the perspective of civil law property rights, forestry carbon sinks can meet the requirements of civil law for “things” and belong to the offspring of the forest system. After the reform of forest rights and the provisions of the “Forest Law” on the usufruct rights related to forest land, there is an inseparable connection between forestry carbon sinks and traditional forest rights, and there is a possible path of ownership. However, the traditional forest rights do not cover the use of the ecological function of forestry carbon sinks in the development and utilization of forest resources. Linking forestry carbon sinks with traditional forest rights would lead to conflicts of rights and confusion over the ownership of forestry carbon sinks. Therefore, it is necessary to grant quasi-property rights attributes to forestry carbon sinks through administrative licenses and to manage the ownership and transfer of forestry carbon sinks through supporting legislation.