数字经济背景下省际多层次数字鸿沟测度及时空分异研究
Measurement and Spatiotemporal Differentiation of Interprovincial Multi-Level Digital Divide in the Context of the Digital Economy

数字经济作为我国重要的国家战略之一，已成为推动经济高质量发展的新引擎。然而，随着数字经济的快速发展，区域间在信息化基础设施、数字技术应用和数字经济贡献等方面的差异日益显著，形成了多层次的数字鸿沟。本文以我国31个省份为研究对象，构建了涵盖第一道(数字接入水平)、第二道(数字技术使用技能)和第三道(数字技术使用收益)数字鸿沟的多层次测度指标体系，采用熵权法对2013年至2022年的数据进行系统测度，分析了省际数字鸿沟的现状及其时空分异特征。研究结果表明：1) 第一道数字鸿沟的主要影响指标为移动互联网用户数量、互联网宽带接入用户数和宽带接入端口数量，各省份的数字接入水平差异逐步缩小，趋于均衡发展；2) 第二道数字鸿沟的主要影响指标为网页数和平均每人每年发函件数，区域间数字技术使用技能存在显著差异，东部地区虽保持领先但优势减弱，中西部部分省份提升明显，而东北和部分西部地区停滞或下降；3) 第三道数字鸿沟的主要影响指标为快递量和快递业务收入，呈现出“强者愈强、弱者愈弱”的趋势，东部地区持续巩固领先地位，中部地区相对稳定但缺乏增长，东北和西部地区差距扩大。为弥合省际间多层次数字鸿沟，促进数字经济的均衡发展，本文进一步提出了针对性的政策建议，建议加大对东部沿海地区的技术创新支持，并在中西部及东北地区加强基础设施建设和技能提升，以促进全国数字经济的均衡发展。这一研究对于缩小地区间数字鸿沟、推动数字经济共享发展具有重要意义。研究为各级政府制定科学合理的数字经济发展政策提供了理论依据，对推动我国数字经济全面协调发展具有重要意义。
As one of China’s important national strategies, the digital economy has become a new engine driving high-quality economic development. However, with its rapid advancement, regional differences in information infrastructure, digital technology applications, and contributions to the digital economy have become increasingly prominent, forming a multilevel digital divide. This paper focuses on 31 provinces in China, constructing a multilevel measurement index system for the digital divide that includes the first level (digital access), the second level (digital technology usage skills), and the third level (benefits from digital technology usage). Using the entropy weight method, data from 2013 to 2022 are systematically measured to analyze the current status and spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics of the interprovincial digital divide. The research findings indicate that: 1) The main influencing indicators of the first-level digital divide are the number of mobile internet users, the number of broadband internet access users, and the number of broadband access ports. The differences in digital access levels among provinces are gradually narrowing, trending toward balanced development. 2) The main influencing indicators of the second-level digital divide are the number of web pages and the average number of letters sent per person per year. Significant regional differences exist in digital technology usage skills. Although the eastern region maintains a leading position, its advantage is diminishing. Some provinces in the central and western regions have shown significant improvement, while the northeastern and certain western regions have stagnated or declined. 3) The main influencing