全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

Toward Competitive Biofuel from Marine Algae Using Innovative Green Chemistry

DOI: 10.4236/gsc.2024.144005, PP. 67-87

Keywords: Biofuel, Biodiesel, Bio Ethanol, Lipids, Carbohydrates, Secondary Metabolites, Red Algae, Diatoms

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

The biofuel production from marine algae is feasible but not yet economically viable compared to fossil fuel production. This work displays key reactions, processes and combination of innovative green chemistry in order to lead to a competitive biofuel production. The evaluation of chemical contents of two marine algae revealed that the major components of them are proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. To produce biofuel from marine algae with economically sustainable cost, each added value chemical content has to be valorized. This work demonstrates that each marine algae is unique and presents specific added value products specifically their secondary metabolites. Re isolation and reproducibility of specific metabolites from red alga, Portieria hornemannii and the cultured marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum were successful. Examples of formulation products from Portieria hornemannii and Phaeodactylum tricornutum are given to illustrate the feasibility of the process.

References

[1]  Hannon, M., Gimpel, J., Tran, M., Rasala, B. and Mayfield, S. (2010) Biofuels from Algae: Challenges and Potential. Biofuels, 1, 763-784.
https://doi.org/10.4155/bfs.10.44
[2]  Landrigan, P.J., Stegeman, J.J., Fleming, L.E., Allemand, D., Anderson, D.M., Backer, L.C., et al. (2020) Human Health and Ocean Pollution. Annals of Global Health, 86, Article No. 151.
https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2831
[3]  Narayanan, M. (2024) Promising Biorefinery Products from Marine Macro and Microalgal Biomass: A Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 190, Article ID: 114081.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.114081
[4]  Bhuyan, S.J., Kabiraj, S. and Goutam, U. (2022) Different Approaches for Extraction of Oil from Diatoms for Biofuel Production: A Review. Biological Forum: An International Journal, 14, 798-806.
https://www.researchtrend.net/bfij/pdf/135%20Different%20Approaches%20for%20Extraction%20of%20Oil%20from%20Diatoms%20for%20Biofuel%20Production%20A%20Review%20Umesh%20Goutam.pdf
[5]  Sardo, A., Orefice, I., Balzano, S., Barra, L. and Romano, G. (2021) Mini-Review: Potential of Diatom-Derived Silica for Biomedical Applications. Applied Sciences, 11, Article No. 4533.
https://doi.org/10.3390/app11104533
[6]  Mohy El-Din, S.M. and El-Ahwany, A.M.D. (2016) Bioactivity and Phytochemical Constituents of Marine Red Seaweeds (Jania rubens, Corallina mediterranea and Pterocladia capillacea). Journal of Taibah University for Science, 10, 471-484.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtusci.2015.06.004
[7]  Kumar, Y., Singhal, S., Tarafdar, A., Pharande, A., Ganesan, M. and Badgujar, P.C. (2020) Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Selected Edible Macroalgae: Effect on Antioxidant Activity and Quantitative Assessment of Polyphenols by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Algal Research, 52, Article ID: 102114.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2020.102114
[8]  Agregán, R., Munekata, P.E., Domínguez, R., Carballo, J., Franco, D. and Lorenzo, J.M. (2017) Proximate Composition, Phenolic Content and in Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Extracts of the Seaweeds Ascophyllum nodosum, Bifurcaria bifurcata and Fucus vesiculosus. Effect of Addition of the Extracts on the Oxidative Stability of Canola Oil under Accelerated Storage Conditions. Food Research International, 99, 986-994.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2016.11.009
[9]  Chan, P.T., Matanjun, P., Yasir, S.M. and Tan, T.S. (2013) Antioxidant and Hypolipidaemic Properties of Red Seaweed, Gracilaria changii. Journal of Applied Phycology, 26, 987-997.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-013-0135-z
[10]  Shunmugiah, M., Subbiah, S., Senthurpandian Muthuramalinga, S., Durairaj, K., Mahalingam, M., Loganathan, K., Selvam, P. and Balasundaram, H. (2022) Evaluation of Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Activities of Polyphenol Extracted from Brown Seaweed Sargassum tenerrimum Biomass. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 14, 2063-2069.
https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:261979921
[11]  Jesus, A., Correia-da-Silva, M., Afonso, C., Pinto, M. and Cidade, H. (2019) Isolation and Potential Biological Applications of Haloaryl Secondary Metabolites from Macroalgae. Marine Drugs, 17, Article No. 73.
https://doi.org/10.3390/md17020073
[12]  AOAC (2000) Official Methods of Analysis. 17th Edition, The Association of Offi-cial Analytical Chemists, Methods 925.10, 65.17, 974.24, 992.16.
[13]  AOAC. (1995) Official Methods of Analysis. 16th Edition, Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
[14]  James, C.S. (1995) Experimental Methods in Analytical Chemistry of Foods. Chapman and Hall.
[15]  Bligh, E.G. and Dyer, W.J. (1959) A Rapid Method of Total Lipid Extraction and Purification. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, 37, 911-917.
https://doi.org/10.1139/o59-099
[16]  Andrianasolo, E.H., France, D., Cornell-Kennon, S. and Gerwick, W.H. (2006) DNA Methyl Transferase Inhibiting Halogenated Monoterpenes from the Madagascar Red Marine Alga Portieria hornemannii. Journal of Natural Products, 69, 576-579.
https://doi.org/10.1021/np0503956
[17]  Ulagesan, S., Nam, T. and Choi, Y. (2021) Extraction and Purification of R-Phycoerythrin Alpha Subunit from the Marine Red Algae Pyropia yezoensis and Its Biological Activities. Molecules, 26, Article No. 6479.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216479
[18]  Karuppannan, S., Sivakumar, M., Govindasamy, B., Chinnaraj, S., Maluventhan, V. and Arumugam, M. (2024) Reliable Quality of R-Phycoerythrin Derived from Portieria hornemannii for Effective Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activity. Biomedical Engineering Advances, 7, Article ID: 100116.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bea.2024.100116
[19]  Behrenfeld, M.J., Halsey, K.H., Boss, E., Karp‐Boss, L., Milligan, A.J. and Peers, G. (2021) Thoughts on the Evolution and Ecological Niche of Diatoms. Ecological Monographs, 91, e01457.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1457
[20]  Tanaka, T., Yoneda, K. and Maeda, Y. (2022) Lipid Metabolism in Diatoms. In: Falciatore, A. and Mock, T., Eds., The Molecular Life of Diatoms, Springer International Publishing, 493-527.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92499-7_18
[21]  Andrianasolo, E.H., Haramaty, L., Vardi, A., White, E., Lutz, R. and Falkowski, P. (2008) Apoptosis-Inducing Galactolipids from a Cultured Marine Diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Journal of Natural Products, 71, 1197-1201.
https://doi.org/10.1021/np800124k
[22]  Soares Dias, A.P., Rijo, B., Santos, F., Galhano dos Santos, R. and Frade, T. (2023) Overview on Biofuels Production in a Seaweed Biorefinery. Science of the Total Environment, 884, Article ID: 163714.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163714
[23]  Samoraj, M., Çalış, D., Trzaska, K., Mironiuk, M. and Chojnacka, K. (2024) Advancements in Algal Biorefineries for Sustainable Agriculture: Biofuels, High-Value Products, and Environmental Solutions. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 58, Article ID: 103224.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103224
[24]  Rodrigues, D., Freitas, A.C., Pereira, L., Rocha-Santos, T.A.P., Vasconcelos, M.W., Roriz, M., et al. (2015) Chemical Composition of Red, Brown and Green Macroalgae from Buarcos Bay in Central West Coast of Portugal. Food Chemistry, 183, 197-207.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.057
[25]  Yi, Z., Xu, M., Di, X., Brynjolfsson, S. and Fu, W. (2017) Exploring Valuable Lipids in Diatoms. Frontiers in Marine Science, 4, Article No. 17.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00017
[26]  Udayan, A., Pandey, A.K., Sirohi, R., Sreekumar, N., Sang, B., Sim, S.J., et al. (2022) Production of Microalgae with High Lipid Content and Their Potential as Sources of Nutraceuticals. Phytochemistry Reviews, 22, 833-860.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-021-09784-y
[27]  Mandari, V. and Devarai, S.K. (2021) Biodiesel Production Using Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, and Enzyme Catalysts via Transesterification and Esterification Reactions: A Critical Review. BioEnergy Research, 15, 935-961.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-021-10333-w
[28]  Chidambaram, P., Jeyprakash, A. and Chinnathambi, P. (2019) Characterisation of Carrageenan Extracted from Fresh and Defatted Red Algae along the Pamban Coast, Tamilnadu, India. Vegetos, 32, 281-287.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-019-00045-0
[29]  Carrageenan Market Size & Share Analysis—Growth Trends & Forecasts (2024-2029).
https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/global-carrageenan-market-industry
[30]  Kim, J.A. and Lee, S.B. (2016) Production of 3,6-Anhydro-D-Galactose from Κ-Carrageenan Using Acid Catalysts. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 21, 79-86.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-015-0636-5
[31]  Andrianasolo, H.E. (1995) Chemistry of Nitrate Applied to Industrial Processes. Ph.D. Thesis, Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP)-University of Antananarivo.
[32]  Mohd Azhar, S.H. and Abdulla, R. (2018) Bioethanol Production from Galactose by Immobilized Wild-Type Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 14, 457-465.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2018.04.013
[33]  Caballero, M.A., Jallet, D., Shi, L., Rithner, C., Zhang, Y. and Peers, G. (2016) Quantification of Chrysolaminarin from the Model Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Algal Research, 20, 180-188.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2016.10.008
[34]  Sunarno, J.N., Prasertsan, P., Duangsuwan, W., Cheirsilp, B. and Sangkharak, K. (2020) Improve Biotransformation of Crude Glycerol to Ethanol of Enterobacter Aerogenes by Two-Stage Redox Potential Fed-Batch Process under Microaerobic Environment. Biomass and Bioenergy, 134, Article ID: 105503.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2020.105503
[35]  Shan, J., Xue, Y., Wang, D., Chen, Z. and Zhu, S. (2022) Direct Production of Ethanol with High Yield from Glycerol via Synergistic Catalysis by Pd/CoOx and Cu/SBA-15. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 302, Article ID: 120870.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2021.120870
[36]  Menaa, F., Wijesinghe, U., Thiripuranathar, G., Althobaiti, N.A., Albalawi, A.E., Khan, B.A., et al. (2021) Marine Algae-Derived Bioactive Compounds: A New Wave of Nanodrugs? Marine Drugs, 19, Article No. 484.
https://doi.org/10.3390/md19090484
[37]  Thiviya, P., Gamage, A., Gama-Arachchige, N.S., Merah, O. and Madhujith, T. (2022) Seaweeds as a Source of Functional Proteins. Phycology, 2, 216-243.
https://doi.org/10.3390/phycology2020012
[38]  Chen, H., Qi, H. and Xiong, P. (2022) Phycobiliproteins—A Family of Algae-Derived Biliproteins: Productions, Characterization and Pharmaceutical Potentials. Marine Drugs, 20, Article No. 450.
https://doi.org/10.3390/md20070450
[39]  Khaw, Y.S., Yusoff, F.M., Tan, H.T., Noor Mazli, N.A.I., Nazarudin, M.F., Shaharuddin, N.A., et al. (2022) Fucoxanthin Production of Microalgae under Different Culture Factors: A Systematic Review. Marine Drugs, 20, Article No. 592.
https://doi.org/10.3390/md20100592
[40]  Sathasivam, R. and Ki, J. (2018) A Review of the Biological Activities of Microalgal Carotenoids and Their Potential Use in Healthcare and Cosmetic Industries. Marine Drugs, 16, Article No. 26.
https://doi.org/10.3390/md16010026
[41]  Global Phycobiliprotein Market Growth Insights (2024).
https://www.globalgrowthinsights.com/market-reports/phycobiliprotein-market-100847
[42]  Global Marine Biotechnology Strategic Business Report 2024.
[43]  Banday, A.H., Azha, N.U., Farooq, R., Sheikh, S.A., Ganie, M.A., Parray, M.N., et al. (2024) Exploring the Potential of Marine Natural Products in Drug Development: A Comprehensive Review. Phytochemistry Letters, 59, 124-135.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2024.01.001
[44]  The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023: Special Edition.
https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/oceans/
[45]  Cui, Y., Thomas-Hall, S.R. and Schenk, P.M. (2019) Phaeodactylum tricornutum Microalgae as a Rich Source of Omega-3 Oil: Progress in Lipid Induction Techniques Towards Industry Adoption. Food Chemistry, 297, Article ID: 124937.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.06.004
[46]  Bartek, L., Strid, I., Henryson, K., Junne, S., Rasi, S. and Eriksson, M. (2021) Life Cycle Assessment of Fish Oil Substitute Produced by Microalgae Using Food Waste. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27, 2002-2021.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2021.04.033
[47]  Wang, Y., Cai, J., Jiang, Y., Jiang, X. and Zhang, D. (2012) Preparation of Biosilica Structures from Frustules of Diatoms and Their Applications: Current State and Perspectives. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 97, 453-460.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-012-4568-0
[48]  Rea, I., Terracciano, M. and De Stefano, L. (2016) Synthetic vs Natural: Diatoms Bioderived Porous Materials for the Next Generation of Healthcare Nanodevices. Advanced Healthcare Materials, 6, Article ID: 1601125.
https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201601125
[49]  Pytlik, N. and Brunner, E. (2018) Diatoms as Potential “Green” Nanocomposite and Nanoparticle Synthesizers: Challenges, Prospects, and Future Materials Applications. MRS Communications, 8, 322-331.
https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2018.34
[50]  Branco-Vieira, M., San Martin, S., Agurto, C., Freitas, M.A.V., Mata, T.M., Martins, A.A., et al. (2018) Phaeodactylum tricornutum Derived Biosilica Purification for Energy Applications. Energy Procedia, 153, 279-283.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.10.020

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133