| [1] | Mason, S. (2012) Vehicle Remote Keyless Entry Systems and Engine Immobilisers: Do Not Believe the Insurer That This Technology Is Perfect. Computer Law & Security Review, 28, 195-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2012.01.004
|
| [2] | Rogalski, A. (2012) History of Infrared Detectors. Opto-Electronics Review, 20, 279-308. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11772-012-0037-7
|
| [3] | How Do Car Key Fobs Work? Phoenix EZ-Keys. https://www.capitalone.com/cars/learn/finding-the-right-car/how-do-cars-withkeyless-entry-work/1178
|
| [4] | How Many Semiconductor Chips Are in a Car? Polar Semiconductor, Nov. 30, 2023. https://polarsemi.com/blog/blog-semiconductor-chips-in-a-car/
|
| [5] | Alrabady, A.I. and Mahmud, S.M. (2005) Analysis of Attacks against the Security of Keyless-Entry Systems for Vehicles and Suggestions for Improved Designs. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 54, 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2004.838829
|
| [6] | Rathore, R.S., Hewage, C., Kaiwartya, O. and Lloret, J. (2022) In-Vehicle Communication Cyber Security: Challenges and Solutions. Sensors, 22, Article No. 6679. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176679
|
| [7] | Garcia, F.D., Oswald, D., Kasper, T. and Pavlidès, P. (2016) Lock It and Still Lose It—On the (In)Security of Automotive Remote Keyless Entry Systems. 25th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 16), Austin, 10-12 August 2016, 929-944.
|
| [8] | Anderson, R. and Moore, T. (2006) The Economics of Information Security. Science, 314, 610-613. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1130992
|
| [9] | ISO/SAE 21434:2021, Road Vehicles—Cybersecurity Engineering. Beyond Security, 2021. https://www.iso.org/standard/70918.html
|
| [10] | Linda Rosencrance, M.C. and Loshin, P. (2023) Two-Factor Authentication (2FA). Tech-Target. https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/definition/two-factor-authentication
|
| [11] | Shechter, S. (2023, Oct. 18) How to Mitigate Vulnerabilities in Keyless Entry Systems. Automotive World. https://www.automotiveworld.com/articles/mitigating-vulnerabilities-in-keyless-entry-systems/
|
| [12] | Straughan, D. (2024, Sep. 12) Car Theft Statistics 2024. Market Watch Guides. https://www.marketwatch.com/guides/insurance-services/car-theft-statistics/
|
| [13] | Automotive Cybersecurity in 2022. Vic One Report, 2022. https://vicone.com/files/rpt-automotive-cybersecurity-in-2022.pdf
|
| [14] | Schmidt, E. (2024, Feb. 27) How Many Cars Are Stolen Each Year? (2024). https://www.consumeraffairs.com/automotive/vehicle-theft-statistics.html#vehicle-theft-statistics
|
| [15] | Neiman, T. (2023, Sep. 25) Did the Auto Industry Actually Invent Multi-Factor Authentication? Dynamic Edge, Inc. https://dynedge.com/did-the-auto-industry-invent-mfa/
|
| [16] | Car Theft Rate in Selected Countries Worldwide in 2018 Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1238378/car-theft-rate-country/
|
| [17] | Klawans, J. (2024, Jul. 22) Canada Is Facing an Uphill Battle against Car Theft. The Week US. https://theweek.com/culture-life/cars/vehicle-theft-canada
|
| [18] | Bell, S. (2024, Mar. 3) Keyless Entry Car Thefts Soar as Hackers Don’t Need Skills, Just Cheap Devices. Carscoops. https://www.carscoops.com/2024/03/thieves-can-now-exploit-keyless-entry-security-lapses-automakers-have-known-about-for-years/
|
| [19] | Mullen, D. (2022, Nov. 28) Keyless Cars Twice as Likely to Be Stolen as Non-Keyless Models. Driving. https://www.driving.co.uk/news/keyless-cars-twice-as-likely-to-be-stolen-as-non-keyless-models/
|
| [20] | New Report: Imports Top List for America’s Most Stolen Vehicles. National Insurance Crime Bureau, May 9, 2024. https://www.nicb.org/news/news-releases/new-report-imports-top-list-americas-most-stolen-vehicles
|
| [21] | Jain, A.K., Ross, A. and Pankanti, S. (2006) Biometrics: A Tool for Information Security. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 1, 125-143. https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2006.873653
|
| [22] | Teslas Can Still Be Stolen with a Cheap Radio Hack—Despite New Keyless Tech. Wired, May 22, 2024. https://www.wired.com/story/tesla-ultra-wideband-radio-relay-attacks/
|
| [23] | How to Get Away with Car Theft: Unveiling the Dark Side of the CAN Bus. Vic One, May 5, 2023. https://vicone.com/blog/how-to-get-away-with-car-theft-unveiling-the-dark-side-of-the-can-bus
|
| [24] | Checkoway, S., et al. (2011) Comprehensive Experimental Analyses of Automotive Attack Surfaces. 20th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 11).
|
| [25] | F.F.I.E. Council (2005) Authentication in an Internet Banking Environment. Vol. 28, p. 2006.
|
| [26] | Taku, D. (2023, Aug. 24) Cybersecurity Lessons Learned from Data Breaches That Evaded MFA. RSA. https://www.rsa.com/resources/blog/multi-factor-authentication/cybersecurity-lessons-learned-from-data-breaches-that-evaded-mfa/
|
| [27] | Multifactor Authentication. Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency. https://www.cisa.gov/topics/cybersecurity-best-practices/multifactor-authentication
|
| [28] | George Brauchler, S.B. and Morrissey, M. (2023, Apr. 26) The Economic Consequences of Increased Motor Vehicle Theft Rates. Common Sense Institute Colorado. https://www.commonsenseinstituteus.org/colorado/research/crime-and-public-safety/the-economic-consequences-of-increased-motor-vehicle-theft-rates
|
| [29] | Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) Enforcement Roadmap. Salesforce, Jul. 12, 2024. https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=000389313&type=1
|
| [30] | Burt, J. (2024) Google Makes Implementing 2FA Simpler. Security Boulevard. https://securityboulevard.com/2024/05/google-makes-implementing-2fa-simpler/
|
| [31] | The Power of Multi-Factor Authentication: Enhancing Security on Office 365. DS Business Life Simplified. https://www.dsbls.com/resources/the-power-of-multi-factor-authentication-enhancing-security-on-office-365/
|
| [32] | Cybersecurity: Who Are the Leaders in Biometric Vehicle Access for the Automotive Industry? Just Auto, Aug. 12, 2024. https://www.just-auto.com/data-insights/innovators-cybersecurity-biometric-vehicle-access-automotive/
|
| [33] | Biometric Vehicle Access Systems Market to Reach $2.5 Bn by 2032, Says Global Market Insights Inc. Globa News Wire, Feb. 20, 2024. https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2024/02/20/2832366/0/en/Biometric-Vehi-cle-Access-Systems-Market-to-reach-2-5-Bn-by-2032-Says-Global-Market-Insights-Inc.html
|
| [34] | Cha, J. (2018, Dec. 24) Hyundai Motor Reveals World’s First Smart Fingerprint Technology to Vehicles. Hyundai News. https://www.hyundainews.com/en-us/releases/2674
|
| [35] | Foote, B. (2024, May 27) Ford Vehicles Could Get Facial Recognition Entry System. Ford Authority. https://fordauthority.com/2024/05/ford-vehicles-could-get-facial-recognition-entry-system/
|
| [36] | LG Patent Filing Delves into Automotive Biometrics. Mobile ID World, January 8, 2022. https://mobileidworld.com/lg-patent-filing-delves-into-automotive-biometrics-7012204/
|
| [37] | Garcia, M. and Horwitz, J. (2015) Two-Factor Authentication: What and How. SANS Institute.
|
| [38] | Miller, C. (2015) Remote Exploitation of an Unaltered Passenger Vehicle. Black Hat USA.
|
| [39] | Greenberg, A. (2015) Hackers Remotely Kill a Jeep on the Highway—With Me in It. Wired, 7, 21-22.
|
| [40] | Francillon, A., Danev, B. and Capkun, S. (2011) Relay Attacks on Passive Keyless Entry and Start Systems in Modern Cars. Proceedings of the Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule.
|
| [41] | From Key Fob to UWB: How Hackers Hijack Vehicle Entry Systems. Vic One, Jun. 7, 2024. https://vicone.com/blog/from-key-fob-to-uwb-how-hackers-hijack-vehicle-entry-systems
|
| [42] | Tomikas, U. (2023, Jun. 26) How Much Does Two-Factor Authentication Cost? Messente. https://messente.com/blog/most-recent/2fa-implementation-costs
|