Optic neuritis (ON) is a kind of inflammatory disease characterized by optic nerve damage, which can lead to vision loss or even blindness. With the development of ON pathology, the medical community has gained a more comprehensive understanding of its immune-mediated complex processes. In addition, the treatment method has also developed from a single hormone therapy to a variety of treatment strategies including immunosuppressants, plasma exchange, immunoadsorption, etc., and the emerging therapy of stem cell transplantation has become the focus of attention. This review aims to explore the latest pathomechanisms of optic neuritis, comprehensively analyze the current therapeutic research advances, and provide a reference for future therapeutic directions.
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