The study investigated the intervention of caffeine on the effect of Nigerian Bonnylight crude oil (NBLCO) on sperm motility and morphology of diabetic Wistar rats. Eighty adult male rats (180 - 200 g body weight) were randomly divided into eight groups of 10 animals each. The control group received 3 mL/Kg body weight of distilled water, ND Caf. group received 20 mL/kg body weight of caffeine, NDCO group received 3 mL/Kg body weight of NBLCO, ND Caf. + CO group received 20 and 3 mL/Kg body weight of caffeine and NBLCO respectively, diabetic group received 3 mL/Kg body weight of distilled water, D Caf. group received 20 mL/Kg body weight of caffeine, D CO received 3 mL/Kg body weight of NBLCO and D Caf. + CO group received 20 and 3 mL/Kg body weight of caffeine and NBLCO respectively, by oral gavaging for 28 days. The results showed that independent administration of caffeine and NBLCO to both non-diabetic and diabetic rats significantly (p < 0.05) altered sperm concentration, morphology and motility. Administration of NBLCO aggravated the worsening condition by significantly (p < 0.05) reducing sperm concentration, motility and increasing abnormal sperms in diabetic rats. Although caffeine significantly (p < 0.05) reduced motility in non-diabetic rats, it did cause any significant alteration in diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus and NBLCO significantly (p < 0.05) reduced all indices that promote sperm motility while significantly (p < 0.05) increasing indices that do not promote motility. It can be concluded that diabetes mellitus and NBLCO administration have shown the tendency to promote male infertility by reducing sperm motility and adversely altering the morphology of sperm in male Wistar rats, which was ameliorated by caffeine intervention.
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