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儿童社区获得性肺炎病原谱流行趋势研究进展
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Abstract:
儿童社区获得性肺炎是全球最常见的呼吸系统疾病，也是儿童死亡的主要原因，占全世界5岁以下儿童死亡人数的五分之一。几十年来，发展中国家的肺炎病死率大于发达国家10倍以上。肺炎患儿中近75%的患儿年龄 < 5岁，其中<1岁的患儿约占住院患儿的1/3，儿童肺炎低龄化现象对我国儿童卫生保健事业形成不利局面。其发病机制复杂、病原体众多、儿童生活环境变化等原因导致此现象愈加严重。近年来，由于新型冠状病毒的大规模爆发，呼吸道病原体流行趋势发生明显改变，肺炎支原体和病毒感染成为儿童CAP主要病原体。本文对近年儿童社区获得性肺炎主要病原体、混合感染情况及其导致的肺炎特征进行分析总结，旨在分析儿童肺炎病原谱的流行趋势，为儿童肺炎临床精准诊断和治疗及病原流行趋势预警预测提供理论依据。
Community-acquired pneumonia is the most prevalent respiratory illness among children globally and is the leading cause of mortality in this age group, responsible for one-fifth of all deaths in children under five. For many years, the mortality rate of pneumonia in developing nations has been over ten times higher than in developed countries. Approximately 75% of children with pneumonia are under five years old, with infants under one year making up about one-third of hospitalized cases, highlighting a concerning situation for pediatric healthcare in China. The increasing incidence of pneumonia in young children is attributed to its complex causes, a variety of pathogens, and changes in children’s living conditions, which can lead to chronic respiratory issues and allergic diseases. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered the trends of respiratory pathogens, with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and various viral infections emerging as the primary causes of community-acquired pneumonia in children. This paper analyzes and summarizes the main pathogens, co-infections, and characteristics of pneumonia in children caused by community-acquired pneumonia in recent years, aiming to assess the epidemiological trends of pneumonia pathogens in children and provide a theoretical foundation for accurate clinical diagnosis, treatment, and early warning of pathogen epidemic trends.
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