广州市老楼加梯政策中居民集体行动的困境及对策研究
Study on the Dilemma and Countermeasures of Residents’ Collective Action in the Policy of Adding Elevators to Old Buildings in Guangzhou City

随着我国人口结构深刻变化和人民群众对美好生活的需求不断提升，老楼加梯成为广大城市家庭，尤其是有老年人、婴幼儿、残疾人的家庭迫切需求。老楼加梯政策作为实施城市更新行动的重要内容，能够有效提升老百姓的获得感。广州市作为最早实施老楼加梯政策的地区，加装电梯数量在全国处于领先地位，其政策实施过程及特点为老楼加梯政策的顺利推行提供经验借鉴。但在通过居民协商这一集体行动实际落地过程中，个体理性容易导致集体行动的困境。通过对广州市老楼加梯政策实践的现实情况分析，结合集体行动理论探讨老楼加梯面临的集体行动困境的表现和原因，划分广州市集体行动的应对类型，探讨在老楼加梯过程中集体行动困境的破解对策。广州市老楼加梯的经验不仅为其他城市提供借鉴，也为今后通过协商促进社区治理的长效机制提供了新方向。
With the profound changes in China’s population structure and the escalating demands of the people for a better life, the addition of elevators to old buildings has emerged as an urgent need for a vast number of urban families, particularly those with the elderly, infants, and the disabled. The policy of adding elevators to old buildings, as a crucial component of urban renewal initiatives, can effectively enhance the sense of attainment among the common people. Guangzhou, being one of the earliest regions to implement this policy, leads the nation in terms of the quantity of installed elevators, and its policy implementation process and characteristics offer valuable references for the smooth promotion of this policy. Nevertheless, in the actual process of collective action through resident consultations for implementation, individual rationality often gives rise to the predicament of collective action. Through an analysis of the actual circumstances of the policy practice of adding elevators to old buildings in Guangzhou and in combination with collective action theory, this paper examines the manifestations and causes of the collective action dilemma faced in this regard, classifies the response types of collective action in Guangzhou, and explores countermeasures for resolving the collective action dilemma during the process of adding elevators to old buildings. The experience of adding elevators to old buildings in Guangzhou not only serves as a reference for other cities but also provides a new orientation for promoting the long-term mechanism of community governance through consultation in the future.