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非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的诊断及治疗进展
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Abstract:
膀胱癌是泌尿系统最为常见的恶性肿瘤之一，初次诊断时多为非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC)。对于非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC)的治疗，经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)是经典的手术方式。近年来，随着医疗设备的改进及医疗技术的提高，出现了一些新型的治疗手段，如经尿道膀胱肿瘤整块切除术、荧光膀胱镜等。TURBT术后常常联合膀胱灌注治疗，常用药物有卡介苗和化疗药物，不过在灌注治疗中对于药物、疗程和剂量的选择目前存在争议。因此，本文就非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC)的诊断和治疗进行综述。
Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the urinary system. Most of the initial diagnosis is non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). For the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is a classic surgical method. In recent years, with the improvement of medical equipment and medical technology, some new treatment methods have emerged, such as en-bloc transurethral resection of bladder tumor and fluorescence cystoscopy. TURBT is often combined with intravesical instillation after TURBT. The commonly used drugs are BCG and chemotherapeutic drugs. However, the choice of drugs, course of treatment and dose in intravesical instillation therapy is currently controversial. Therefore, this article reviews the diagnosis and treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).
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