乡村振兴背景下农村养老机构发展困境与解决路径
The Development Predicaments and Solution Paths of Rural Elderly Care Institutions under the Background of Rural Revitalization

中国目前老龄化趋势越发严峻，由于目前国家政策向农村倾斜，越来越多人的目光集聚到农村。农村地区的养老模式相较于城市更显得不够多样化，大部分留守的农村老年人仍选择居家养老，但随着大部分农村年轻人更倾向于定居交通发达的城市而不是农村，农村日益空心化。居家养老这种模式已经不能很好地满足农村老年人养老的需求，此时农村养老机构应运而生。本研究通过实地走访法和深度访谈法得出农村养老机构入住人员少、监管力度不完善、资金投入不足、养老服务机构分散等问题，提出加强宣传、制定合理的监管标准、吸引社会资本的投入、整合闲散资源来解决这些问题。促进农村养老机构的良好发展，解决一部分农村老年人的养老问题，为乡村振兴奠定良好的基础。
The aging trend in China is becoming increasingly severe, and with the current national policy favoring rural areas, more and more attention is being directed towards rural areas. Compared to urban areas, the elderly care model in rural areas is less diverse, and most left-behind rural elderly people still choose to live at home. However, as more and more rural young people prefer to settle in traffic-convenient cities rather than rural areas, rural areas are becoming increasingly depopulated. The home-based care model can no longer meet the needs of rural elderly people, so rural nursing homes have emerged. This study identifies problems such as low occupancy rates, imperfect supervision, insufficient funding investment, and scattered nursing services in rural nursing homes through field visits and in-depth interviews. It proposes that these problems should be addressed by strengthening publicity, establishing reasonable supervision standards, attracting social capital investment, and integrating idle resources. This will promote the sound development of rural nursing homes and solve the elderly care problem for a part of rural elderly people, laying a solid foundation for rural revitalization.