代际视角下农村空巢老人养老服务研究——以浙江省缙云县X村为例
Research on Elderly Care Services for Rural Empty-Nesters from the Perspective of Intergenerational—A Case Study of X Village in Jinyun County, Zhejiang Province

新时代下，农村空巢老人的数量庞大，且在持续增长。近年来，由于互联网和电子商务的迅速发展，与传统社会相比，时代发生了巨大的变化，老一代的思想与行为特征与新一代人形成代际差异。此外，老年人未接触过许多新事物，与年轻人信息不对等，导致其出现“代沟”，这大大影响不同代际群体之间的交流与沟通，空巢老人的精神慰藉也得不到满足。因此，对农村空巢老人进行老年教育势不可挡，要鼓励老年人学习新事物，多与新一代沟通，丰富其精神生活。本文通过文献法发现，大部分空巢老人存在经济、身体、精神三大方面的问题，且养老模式多集中在家庭养老。此外，通过访谈法以及非参与式观察法调查发现，X村空巢老人的子女外出打工，给予老年人的代际支持较少，空巢老人的日常生活相对无聊，身体状况较差，经济收入来源少，孤独感强。虽然村里开展了老年食堂，也有一定的补贴金，但在养老问题上还存在很多困境。因此，本文提出以下建议：推动医疗下乡，维护空巢老人的身体健康；引入农村电子商务，扩大收入来源；鼓励社会工作者下乡活动，丰富老年人的精神生活；政府加大力度，健全农村养老体系。
In the new era, the population of rural empty-nest elderly individuals is substantial and continues to rise. In recent years, due to the rapid advancement of the Internet and e-commerce, the era has changed dramatically compared to traditional society. The cognitive and behavioral characteristics of older generations have resulted in generational disparities with younger cohorts. Furthermore, many elderly individuals lack exposure to new developments, creating an information asymmetry between age groups that contributes to a pronounced “generation gap”, adversely affecting intergenerational communication and interaction. Consequently, the spiritual needs of empty-nest elderly individuals remain unmet. Therefore, it is essential to implement educational initiatives aimed at this demographic, encouraging them to engage with new knowledge, foster communication with younger generations, and enrich their spiritual lives. In this paper, through the literature method, it is found that most empty-nest elderly individuals face challenges across three primary domains: economic, physical, and emotional; notably, elderly care predominantly relies on familial support systems. Additionally, through interviews and non-participatory observation, it is found that the children of empty-nesters in X Village go out to work and provide less intergenerational support to the elderly, and the daily life of empty-nest elderly individuals is relatively boring, poor physical condition, few sources of economic income, and strong sense of loneliness. While an elderly canteen exists within the village alongside certain subsidies, numerous obstacles persist regarding aging issues. Therefore, this paper proposes the following recommendations: enhancing medical services in rural areas to safeguard the physical health of empty-nest elderly individuals; integrating