2000~2020年哈尔滨市土地利用变化分析
Analysis of Land Use Changes in Harbin from 2000 to 2020

哈尔滨地处东北平原肥沃的黑土地之上，作为我国重要的粮食产区，其土地利用情况受到我国粮食政策的高度关注。本研究以哈尔滨市为研究区域，分析了2000-2020年土地利用情况。通过对土地利用结构变化、动态特征以及类型间转化关系的研究，得出以下主要结论：(1) 耕地和林地是主要土地利用类型，占比分别约为44%和43%左右。空间分布上呈现出区域差异和集中分布特点。(2) 综合土地利用动态度总体上先增后降再上升，2000~2020年期间为0.19%。单一土地利用动态度按动态绝对值大小排序为未利用地 > 水域 > 草地 > 建设用地 > 林地 > 耕地。(3) 2000~2020年总转化面积为3918.57 km²，耕地、林地、水域转出面积大于转入面积，总面积递减；草地、建设用地、未利用地转入面积相对大于转出面积，总面积呈上升趋势。
Harbin is located on the fertile black soil of the Northeast Plain. As an important grain-producing area in my country, its land use situation has received great attention from my country’s grain policy. This study took Harbin as the research area and analyzed the land use situation from 2000 to 2020. Through the study of land use structure changes, dynamic characteristics and the transformation relationship between types, the following main conclusions were drawn: (1) Cultivated land and forest land are the main land use types, accounting for about 44% and 43% respectively. The spatial distribution shows regional differences and concentrated distribution characteristics. (2) The overall dynamic degree of comprehensive land use first increased, then decreased, and then increased. It was 0.19% during the period 2000~2020. The order of the single land use dynamic degree according to the absolute value of the dynamic is unused land > water area > grassland > construction land > forest land > cultivated land. (3) The total conversion area from 2000 to 2020 is 3918.57 km². The transfer-out area of cultivated land, forest land, and water area is larger than the transfer-in area, and the total area is decreasing; the transfer-in area of grassland, construction land, and unused land is relatively larger than the transfer-out area, and the total area is on an upward trend.