同义词语义中和现象的历时性探究——以“戴”“带”为例
The Diachronic Study of Semantic Neutralization in Synonyms—A Case Study of “戴” and “带”

在词汇使用过程中有一些同义词会发生语义中和，即本来的区别被不同程度地磨蚀，在某些原本具有不可替代性的位置上逐渐可以混用。本研究通过对比同义词组“戴”与“带”之间区别项的历时演变，发现在~孝、~眼镜，披星~月，~罪立功等语境中使用时，标记项“戴”[-位于身体顶端部位及之上]的区别会被一些因素所抵消，同时无标记项“带”的使用存在条件上的限制。探明这些中和现象及其背后机制，有利于我们更好地辨析词义，能够更好地服务于同义词的教学与习得研究。
In the process of vocabulary usage, some synonyms undergo semantic neutralization, meaning that their original distinctions are gradually eroded to the point where they can be used interchangeably in certain contexts where they were originally non-replaceable. This study examines the diachronic evolution of the distinguishing features between the synonyms “戴” (dài) and “带” (dài). It finds that in contexts such as ~孝(filial piety), ~眼镜(glasses), 披星~月(wearing stars and moon), and ~罪立功(making contributions to atone for sins), the distinguishing feature of the marked item “戴” [-located at the top of the body or above] can be neutralized by various factors. At the same time, the usage of the unmarked item “带” is subject to certain conditional restrictions. Understanding these neutralization phenomena and their underlying mechanisms will help us better differentiate word meanings and enhance the teaching and acquisition research of synonyms.