数人环境侵权责任承担的类型与规则
Types and Rules of Liability for Environmental Tort by Several Persons

随着科技进步与经济发展，人类在提高社会生产力的同时对自然环境的破坏也日益加剧，环境问题变得突出和复杂。生态系统的环境容量有限，通常一个企业单独的排污行为不会对环境造成较大危害，但许多企业的排污行为结合在一起则可能超出环境的自净范围，给环境造成污染并对他人的人身、财产造成损害。因此，实践中大多数的环境侵权属于数人环境侵权。数人环境侵权的发生原因复杂、危害范围广、持续时间长，往往导致污染主体无法确定、责任承担比例难以划分以及受害人的合法权益无法得到有效保证等诸多问题。如何确定数人环境侵权的责任承担方式，维护受害人的合法权益和社会公平正义，是司法实践中的重大难题。本文将数人环境侵权分为不同类型，并分析每种类型的责任承担方式，以期解决数人环境侵权责任的理论难题与实践难题。
With the progress of science and technology and the development of economy, while improving the social productivity, human beings have increasingly damaged the natural environment, and environmental problems have become prominent and complicated. The environmental capacity of the ecosystem is limited, usually a single enterprise’s discharge behavior will not cause great harm to the environment, but the combined discharge behavior of many enterprises may exceed the scope of self-purification of the environment, causing pollution to the environment and causing damage to others’ personal and property. Therefore, most environmental torts in practice belong to several individuals. The causes of environmental tort are complex, the scope of harm is wide, and the duration is long, which often leads to many problems such as the polluter cannot be determined, the proportion of responsibility is difficult to be divided, and the legitimate rights and interests of the victims cannot be effectively guaranteed. It is a major problem in judicial practice how to determine the liability for environmental tort by several persons, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the victims and social fairness and justice. This paper divides the environmental tort by several persons into different types, and analyzes the liability of each type, in order to solve the theoretical and practical problems of the environmental tort liability by several persons.