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用于促进骨组织再生的导电生物材料的研究进展
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Abstract:
骨缺损问题因创伤、感染、肿瘤和衰老等因素引发，严重影响患者的生活质量。内源性电场作为一种重要的生物物理信号，在维持骨稳态与促进再生方面具有重要作用，因此电刺激(ES)被认为是加速骨愈合的有效外部干预手段。导电生物材料通过产生电信号或在电刺激下调节其理化性质，既可作为细胞附着和结构支撑的支架材料，又能调控细胞行为及组织功能，因而在骨再生领域受到广泛关注。本文概述了骨组织中内源性电场的存在，探讨了导电生物材料(如碳基材料、金属材料和导电聚合物)的特性及其在介导电刺激上的优势，以及导电生物材料在调控骨组织修复中的潜在作用和最新进展，最后总结并讨论了导电生物材料在骨组织工程应用中面临的挑战与未来发展方向。
The problem of bone defects is caused by factors such as trauma, infection, tumors, and aging, which seriously affect the quality of life of patients. Endogenous electric fields, as an important biophysical signal, play a crucial role in maintaining bone homeostasis and promoting regeneration. Therefore, electrical stimulation (ES) is considered an effective external intervention to accelerate bone healing. Conductive biomaterials can serve as scaffold materials for cell adhesion and structural support, as well as regulate cell behavior and tissue function, by generating electrical signals or regulating their physicochemical properties under electrical stimulation. Therefore, they have received widespread attention in the field of bone regeneration. This article provides an overview of the existence of endogenous electric fields in bone tissue, explores the characteristics of conductive biomaterials (such as carbon-based materials, metal materials, and conductive polymers) and their advantages in mediating stimuli, as well as the potential role and latest progress of conductive biomaterials in regulating bone tissue repair. Finally, the challenges and future development directions of conductive biomaterials in bone tissue engineering applications are summarized and discussed.
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