论国际秩序对限制适用公共秩序保留制度的作用
On the Role of International Order in Restricting the Application of the Public Order Reservation Regime

公共秩序的概念模糊，法官适用公共秩序保留制度时的自由裁量权较大，可能导致滥用。对公共秩序保留制度的适用进行限制是国际共识。公共秩序保留制度的适用情形包括排除适用外国法，拒绝承认并执行外国判决、裁决。为了限制各国司法机关在适用公共秩序保留制度时的自由裁量权，可考虑在冲突法中加入有关规定：在承认外国判决与裁决时，如果承认国法院和判决、裁决作出国法院都有要保护的国际公共秩序，则不适用公共秩序保留。在考虑排除外国法的适用时，当需要考虑适用公共秩序保留制度的涉外民商事法律关系，是构成另一涉外民事诉讼的先决问题，且该诉讼又涉及保护国际公共秩序，又且适用该外国法的结果不会严重损害法院地的本地公共秩序时，应继续适用该外国法。
The concept of public order is vague, and judges have great discretion in applying the public order reservation regime, which may lead to abuse. It is an international consensus to restrict the application of the public order reservation regime. The application of the public order reservation system includes the exclusion of the application of foreign law and the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments and awards. In order to limit to some extent the discretionary power of national jurisdictions in the application of the public order reservations regime, the following provisions could be considered for inclusion in conflict-of-laws clauses: in the case of recognizing foreign judgment and adjudication, the public order reservation shall not be applied if both the courts of the recognizing State and the courts of the State in which the judgment and adjudication were rendered have an international public order that they wish to protect. In considering the exclusion of the application of a foreign law, the foreign law shall continue to apply when the foreign civil or commercial legal relationship to be considered for the application of the public order reservation regime is a preliminary issue constituting another foreign civil proceeding, the proceeding involves the protection of international public order and the result of the application of the foreign law would not be seriously prejudicial to the local public order of the forum.