论我国学术自由的宪法依据
On the Constitutional Basis of Academic Freedom in Our Country

学术自由的相关研究在我国面临诸多困境，其中一个重要原因就在于对其宪法依据的认知不够清晰，因此为促进我国学术研究事业的繁荣，有必要对其宪法依据进行探究。域外对于学术自由的这一基本权利的规定主要有“宪法条文规定”和“通过判例确立”两种模式，在深入剖析宪法第47条之后，可以发现我国学术自由的理念就蕴含在其中。该条整体规定的是“文化权利”，学术自由可以通过法解释的方法从中推导出来，而条文中的“科学研究自由”只是学术自由的一部分，因其在学术自由中非常重要才会在此对其单独列明。学术自由兼具自由权和社会权的双重属性，国家或者说公权力不仅不能对学术研究进行不当干预，还应当采取积极的行动来保护这一“可贵”的权利，以促进学术研究事业的发展。
The related research of academic freedom is facing many difficulties in China, one of the important reasons is that the cognition of its constitutional basis is not clear enough. Therefore, in order to promote the prosperity of academic research in China, it is necessary to explore its constitutional basis. The basic right of academic freedom outside the region mainly includes two modes: “provisions of the Constitution” and “establishment through precedents”. After in-depth analysis of Article 47 of the Constitution, it can be found that the concept of academic freedom in China is contained in it. The overall provision of this article is “cultural rights”, from which academic freedom can be derived by means of legal interpretation, while “freedom of scientific research” in the article is only a part of academic freedom, which is listed here because it is very important in academic freedom. Academic freedom has the dual attributes of both freedom and social right. The state or the public power should not only improperly interfere in academic research, but also take active actions to protect this “valuable” right, so as to promote the development of academic research.