女性社区矫正人员就业的困境与对策研究——基于马鞍山社区矫正管理局课题组数据的分析
Study on the Difficulties and Countermeasures of Female Community Correction Objects’ Employment—Based on the Data-Analysis from the Ma’anshan Community Correction Administration Bureau’s Program

我国社区矫正工作从试点到《社区矫正法》的正式实施已有二十余年的发展历程，有着相对完备的矫正流程，但在社区矫正人员的社会回归目标上仍存在工作不足，其中女性社区矫正人员的就业问题是值得探讨的。女性社区矫正人员表现出逐利性犯罪、适龄就业人员为主、整体文化程度较低等特点。在实际就业过程中她们承受着自身心理问题、认知偏差、能力不足的拖累，以及社会负面标签影响下原属工作回归、再就业和自主创业的艰难。如此，推动前科消灭制度的设立，对女性社区矫正人员提供认知上的改善、个别化的协助、公益资源的链接都是社区矫正从业人员在解决其就业难题上可采取的具体工作。
China’s community corrections initiative has been in development for more than 20 years from the pilot to official implementation of “Community Correction Law”. Although a relatively thorough process of correction exists, there still are some work flaws in terms of the social reintegration targets of community correction objects, of which the employment of female community correction objects are worth exploring. Those female community correction personnel exhibit the characteristics of being profit-seeking offenders, predominantly of employment age, and with a lower level of education. During the actual process of seeking employment, they are dragged by their own psychological problems, cognitive biases and insufficient capabilities. Also, under the influence of negative social labelling, they encountered the difficulties of returning to work, re-employment and self-employment. Therefore, the promotion of the system’s establishment regarding elimination of criminal records, the provision of cognitive improvement, individualized assistance, and welfare resources linking for female community correction objects are all concrete ways that community correction practitioners can choose to address their employment difficulties.