费希特早期知识学“三大原理”的演进与阐明
The Evolution and Clarification of “Three Principles” of Fichte’s Early Wissenschaftslehre

费希特知识学的提出与完善经历了一系列复杂的思考与探索。费希特认为，作为真正的康德主义者，应当继承康德先验哲学高扬主体性的思维传统，并同时克服“自在之物”的思维桎梏与经验主义倾向。在对赖因霍尔德“基础哲学”的诠释与辩护中，费希特提出了知识学的基本原理，即以“绝对自我”为最高原则的“设定”行为，并以此推演出知识学的“三大原理”。通过知识学“三大原理”，费希特构建出了一个将主体性原则贯彻始终的思维体系，为科学之可能寻得了坚实的基础。本文通过梳理知识学形成的思想脉络，还原后康德时代古典哲学的思维走向，以辨明费希特理论的构建与意义。
The proposal and improvement of Fichte’s Wissenschaftslehre has gone through a series of complex thinking and exploration. Fichte believes that as a true Kantian, one should inherit the thinking tradition of Kant’s transcendental philosophy that exalts subjectivity, and at the same time overcome the thinking shackles of “Ding an sich” and the tendency of empiricism. In his interpretation and defense of Reinhold’s “Elementarphilosophie”, Fichte proposed the basic principles of Wissenschaftslehre, that is, the “setzen” action with “Absolutes Selbst” as the highest principle, and deduced the “three principles” of Wissenschaftslehr from this. Through the “three principles” of Wissenschaftslehr, Fichte constructed a thinking system that implements the principle of subjectivity throughout, and found a solid foundation for the possibility of science. This article sorts out the ideological context of the formation of Wissenschaftslehr and restores the thinking trend of classical philosophy in the post-Kantian era to identify the construction and significance of Fichte’s theory.