美国航空器出租人的空难赔偿责任研究——以美国法典44,112条为视角
A Study on the Liability of American Aircraft Lessors for Air Accidents —From the Perspective of Section 44,112 of the United States Code

民用航空器租赁是全球航空产业运行的主要方式。作为航空器所有者和融资提供者的航空器出租人为以航空公司为主的承租人配置航空器提供了便利条件。美国作为航空器出租人的安全港，具有比较完善的航空器出租人责任限制规定，本文以美国法典44,112条为视角，结合美国的司法实践，考察其历史沿革及应用困境，发现航空器出租人可能因为过失委托责任、替代责任以及产品责任等请求权基础而面临空难损害赔偿。航空器出租人要从航空器租赁协议和租赁过程中的适当监控这两方面积极应对。
Civil aircraft leasing is the main mode of operation of the global aviation industry. The aircraft lessor, as the owner and provider of financing, facilitates the configuration of the aircraft by the aircraft-dominated lessee. As a safe harbor for aircraft lessors, the United States has a relatively complete limitation of aircraft lessors’ liability. This paper takes Article 44,112 of the United States Code as a perspective and combines it with the judicial practice in the United States to investigate its history and application difficulties and finds that aircraft lessors may face compensation for air disaster damages due to the basis of claims such as negligent commission liability, vicarious liability, and product liability. Aircraft lessors should actively respond to both aircraft leasing agreements and properly monitor them during the leasing process.