论大运河保护专项行动中文物和文化遗产公益诉讼
On Public Interest Litigation for Cultural Relics and Heritage Protection in the Special Action for the Grand Canal Conservation

文物和文化遗产公益诉讼是我国检察公益诉讼探索的重点领域，虽然至今还没有出台相应的法律法规，但当前也已经涌现了许多实践经验和典型案例。而大运河保护专项行动中的文物和文化遗产公益诉讼具有典型性，对最高检公布的大运河保护专项行动中七个文物与文化遗产公益诉讼案件进行分析，检察机关在进行文物和文化遗产公益诉讼中还存在法律依据不足、行政机关职权和履职标准认定不一、诉前程序结案缺乏刚性以及非物质文化遗产公益诉讼欠缺等问题。检察机关以司法实践推动文物与文化遗产公益诉讼立法进程、细化分类明确行政机关履职范围标准、诉前程序适用预防性保护措施以及提高检察办案人员非物质文化遗产保护意识，推动文物和文化遗产公益诉讼制度进一步发展，提高各行政部门对文物和文化遗产的保护效能，以检察工作保障公共利益有效保护。
Public interest litigation for cultural relics and heritage protection is a key area of exploration in China’s procuratorial public interest litigation. Although no corresponding laws and regulations have been enacted to date, a wealth of practical experience and typical cases have emerged. The public interest litigation for cultural relics and heritage protection in the Grand Canal conservation special action is particularly representative. By analyzing the seven cases of public interest litigation for cultural relics and heritage protection in the Grand Canal conservation special action published by the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, it is evident that procuratorial organs face issues such as insufficient legal basis, inconsistent recognition of administrative authority and performance standards, lack of rigidity in the pre-litigation procedures, and a lack of attention to intangible cultural heritage in public interest litigation. To address these issues, procuratorial organs are promoting the legislative process for public interest litigation for cultural relics and heritage through judicial practice, refining the classification and clarifying the scope and standards of administrative authority, applying preventive protection measures in pre-litigation procedures, and enhancing the awareness of procuratorial personnel regarding the protection of intangible cultural heritage. These efforts aim to further develop the system of public interest litigation for cultural relics and heritage, improve the effectiveness of administrative departments in protecting cultural relics and heritage, and ensure the effective protection of public interests through procuratorial work.