马克思对黑格尔市民社会理论的批判及其现实意义
Critique of Hegel’s Civil Society Theory by Marx and Its Relevance

黑格尔首次将市民社会确定为资产阶级社会，构建了以资本为核心的现代社会。在批判黑格尔市民社会理论的基础上，马克思揭示了资本主义的狭隘性，赋予市民社会新的含义，并从私有财产和异化劳动的维度披露了“需要体系”的虚伪性。随着市民社会批判的深入，马克思实现了对黑格尔现代性问题的重构，正式提出“市民社会决定国家”的唯物观点。重新检视马克思的市民社会理论，对理解中国式现代化建设具有重大意义。
For the first time, Hegel defined civil society as a bourgeois society and constructed a modern society with capital as the core. On the basis of his critique of Hegel’s theory of civil society, Marx revealed the narrowness of capitalism, gave new meaning to civil society, and exposed the hypocrisy of the need for a system from the dimensions of private property and alienated labor. With the deepening of the critique of civil society, Marx realized the reconstruction of the problem of Hegel’s modernity, and formally put forward the materialist view that “civil society determines the state”. Re-examining Marx’s theory of civil society is of great significance for understanding Chinese modernization.