人的“需要”本性探赜——基于马克思人的“发展的本质”
Exploring the Nature of Human “Needs”—Based on Marx’s “Essence of Human Development”

马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》论述人的“类本质”的同时，引出了人的“发展的本质”，人的“发展的本质”是对于人的“类本质”的延伸和深化。但由于在资本主义社会中人的“需要”本性被异化，导致以人的“需要”本性为内核的人的“发展的本质”遭到了忽视。以人的“发展的本质”为切入点，可以揭示出人的需要本性的深厚内涵，为人的需要正名，从而正视正当的“需要”在人的本质发展过程中具有的深远意义。
Marx, in his “Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844,” discussed the “essential nature” of human beings while introducing the “essential nature of human development”. The “essential nature of human development” is an extension and deepening of the “essential nature” of human beings. However, due to the alienation of human “need” nature in capitalist society, the “essence of human development” centered on human “need” nature has been overlooked. Taking the “essence of human development” as the starting point, we can reveal the profound connotation of human needs, justify human needs, and face up to the profound significance of legitimate “needs” in the process of human essential development.