戴震“求实”思维的形成及其影响
The Formation and Influence of Dai Zhen’s “Qiu Shi” (Pragmatic) Thinking

乾嘉时期是资本主义生产要素不断萌芽、科学知识广泛传播的时期，戴震以文本考据为手段，开创了“以词通道”新的释经方法论，构建了一套“达情遂欲”的伦理学和“道赅理气”的新道论形上学，成为了乾嘉学术中皖派的代表人物。戴震一生的治学都体现出求真务实的作风，批评宋儒以“理”责人，否认宋儒把理解释为“天理”，戴震把理解释为“条理”，消解了宋儒把“天理”作为本体论，通过《原善》《孟子字义疏证》等著作建立新理学。戴震用实证性知识解释经学，加强经学的权威，对于清代实事求是的学风和思想基调影响深远。
The Qianlong-Jiaqing period witnessed the budding of capitalist production elements and the widespread dissemination of scientific knowledge. Dai Zhen, utilizing textual criticism as a method, pioneered a new hermeneutic approach called “accessing the Way through words.” He developed an ethical system emphasizing “expressing emotions and fulfilling desires” and a metaphysical theory that “the Way encompasses principle and qi.” Dai Zhen became a representative figure of the Anhui School during the Qianlong-Jiaqing academic era. Throughout his scholarly life, he upheld a pragmatic pursuit of truth, critiquing Song scholars for imposing “principle” on people and rejecting their interpretation of “principle” as “heavenly principle.” Dai interpreted “principle” as “order,” eliminating the ontological status given to “heavenly principle” by Song scholars. Through works such as “On Goodness” and “A Detailed Explanation of the Meaning of Words in Mencius,” Dai established a new form of Neo-Confucianism. By applying empirical knowledge to interpret classics, he strengthened the authority of Confucian texts and profoundly influenced the pragmatic scholarly style and ideological tone of the Qing dynasty.