Aiming at developing benign multiple decontamination water adsorbent, using low-cost natural raw local materials, we prepared a modified Bentonite supporting polyoxometalate ionic liquid composite hybrid, where each component targets a specific type of water contaminant. The composite material based on water-insoluble polyoxometalate-ionic liquid (POM-IL) consisting of antimicrobial tetraoctylammonium cations, and saturated Keggin-archetype polyoxometalate [PV3W9O40]6？ anions, immobilized on Bentonite having an interesting dye removal capacity. The Q8[PV3W9O40]@Bentonite (Q8 = TetraOctylAmmonium), composite was tested for cationic dye removal from waste water. Batch experiments for the adsorption of Methylene Blue MB were conducted to investigate the effect factors containing the initial concentration, contact time, adsorbent amount, pH and Temperatures. According to the results of the kinetic study, the pseudo-second-order model fitted better the adsorption experimental data compared to the first order model. The experimental isotherm data were found to fit the Langumir model well compared to the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic parameters illustrated that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The results of the present study showed that modified Bentonite represents an excellent multicomponent low-cost adsorbent for the removal of cationic dye and Bacteria from waste water.
References
[1]
Malik, A.S., Boyko, O., Aktar, N. and Young, W.F. (2001) A Comparative Study of MR Imaging Profile of Titanium Pedicle Screws. ActaRadiologica, 42, 291-293. https://doi.org/10.1080/028418501127346846
[2]
Hu, T. and Desai, J.P. (2004) Soft-Tissue Material Properties under Large Deformation: Strain Rate Effect. Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS, San Francisco, 1-5 September 2004, 2758-2761. https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2004.1403789
[3]
Ortega, R., Loria, A. and Kelly, R. (1995) A Semiglobally Stable Output Feedback Pi/Sup 2/D Regulator for Robot Manipulators. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 40, 1432-1436. https://doi.org/10.1109/9.402235
[4]
Wit, E. and McClure, J. (2004) Statistics for Microarrays: Design, Analysis, and Inference. 5th Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/0470011084
[5]
Prasad, A.S. (1982) Clinical and Biochemical Spectrum of Zinc Deficiency in Human Subjects. In: Prasad, A.S., Ed., Clinical, BiochemicalandNutritionalAspectsofTraceElements, Alan R. Liss, Inc., 5-15.
[6]
Giambastiani, B.M.S. (2007) Evoluzione Idrologica ed Idrogeologica Della Pineta di san Vitale (Ravenna). Ph.D. Thesis, Bologna University.
[7]
Wu, J.K. (1994) Two Problems of Computer Mechanics Program System. In: ProceedingsofFiniteElementAnalysisandCAD, Peking University Press, 9-15.
[8]
Kennedy, K.K., Maseka, K.J. and Mbulo, M. (2018) Selected Adsorbents for Removal of Contaminants from Wastewater: Towards Engineering Clay Minerals. Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 8, 355-369. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojapps.2018.88027
[9]
Wright and Wright, W. (1906) Flying-Machine. US Patent No. 821393.
[10]
Ginsberg, A.P. (1990) Inorganic Syntheses. John Wiley & Sons, 27.
[11]
Martín Caballero, J. (2017) Hybrid Polyoxometalates: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Thermostructural Behavior and Anchoring to Tailored Polymeric Surfaces.
[12]
Keggin, J. (1934) The Structure and Formula of 12-Phosphotungstic Acid. ProceedingsoftheRoyalSocietyofLondon. SeriesA, ContainingPapersofaMathematicalandPhysicalCharacter, 144, 75-100. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1934.0035
[13]
Alsubaie, N., Alshamrani, R., Domyati, D., Alahmadi, N. and Bannani, F. (2021) Methylene Blue Dye Adsorption onto Polyoxometalate Ionic Liquid Supported on Bentonite: Kinetic, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Studies. Open Journal of Physical Chemistry, 11, 106-127. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpc.2021.112006
[14]
Abdalla, Z.E.A. and Li, B. (2012) Preparation of MCM-41 Supported (Bu4N)4H3(PW11O39) Catalyst and Its Performance in Oxidative Desulfurization. Chemical Engineering Journal, 200, 113-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.06.004
[15]
Sabarinathan, C., Karuppasamy, P., Vijayakumar, C.T. and Arumuganathan, T. (2019) Development of Methylene Blue Removal Methodology by Adsorption Using Molecular Polyoxometalate: Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Mechanistic Study. MicrochemicalJournal, 146, 315-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2019.01.015
[16]
Eren, E. and Afsin, B. (2008) An Investigation of Cu(II) Adsorption by Raw and Ac-id-Activated Bentonite: A Combined Potentiometric, Thermodynamic, XRD, IR, DTA Study. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 151, 682-691.
[17]
Varadwaj, G.B.B. and Parida, K. (2013) Montmorillonite Supported Metal Nanoparticles: An Update on Syntheses and Applications. RSC Advances, 3, 13583-13593.
[18]
Tian, N., Zhu, M., Wu, Q., Yan, W. and Yaroslavtsev, A.B. (2014) Preparation and Conductivity of the Keggin-Type Trivanadium-Substituted Tungstosilicic Acid H7SiW9V3O40·9H2O. MaterialsLetters, 115, 165-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2013.10.052
[19]
Jourvand, M., etal. (2015) Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions Using Modified Clay. JournalofBasicResearchinMedicalSciences, 2, 32-41.
[20]
Nourmoradi, H., Nikaeen, M. and Khiadani (Hajian), M. (2012) Removal of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) from Aqueous Solutions by Montmorillonite Modified with Nonionic Surfactant: Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study. ChemicalEngineeringJournal, 191, 341-348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.03.029
[21]
Lagergren, S.K. (1898) About the Theory of So-Called Adsorption of Soluble Substances. Kungliga Svenska VetenskapsakademiensHandlingar, 24, 1-39.
[22]
Aksu, Z. and Tezer, S. (2005) Biosorption of Reactive Dyes on the Green Alga Chlorella Vulgaris. ProcessBiochemistry, 40, 1347-1361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2004.06.007
[23]
Liu, L., Luo, X., Ding, L. and Luo, S. (2019) Application of Nanotechnology in the Removal of Heavy Metal from Water. In: Luo, X.B. and Deng, F., Eds., NanomaterialsfortheRemovalofPollutantsandResourceReutilization, Elsevier, 83-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-814837-2.00004-4
[24]
Al-Rashed, S.M. and Al-Gaid, A.A. (2012) Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies on the Adsorption Behavior of Rhodamine B Dye on Duolite C-20 Resin. Journal of SaudiChemicalSociety, 16, 209-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2011.01.002
[25]
Karatas, M. (2012) Removal of Pb(II) from Water by Natural Zeolitic Tuff: Kinetics and Thermodynamics. JournalofHazardousMaterials, 199, 383-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.11.035
[26]
De Castro, M.L.F.A., Abad, M.L.B., Sumalinog, D.A.G., Abarca, R.R.M., Paoprasert, P. and de Luna, M.D.G. (2018) Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye and Cu(II) Ions on Edta-Modified Bentonite: Isotherm, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies. SustainableEnvironmentResearch, 28, 197-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.serj.2018.04.001
[27]
Kubo, A.L., Kremer, L., Herrmann, S., et al. (2017) Antimicrobial Activity of Polyoxometalate Ionic Liquids against Clinically Relevant Pathogens. ChemPlusChem, 82, 867-871. https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.201700251
