Preclinical Evaluation of the Antidiabetic Effect and Phytochemical HPLC-MS ESI-QTOF Analysis of Sclerocaryabirrea (A. Rich) Hoscht Bark of Trunk Aqueous Extract in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rat
Introduction: Diabetes is a serious public health problem requiring complex treatment. Numerous ethnopharmacological studies have reported the traditional use of Sclerocaryabirrea in managing diabetic patients. This study aims to demonstrate, preclinically, the antidiabetic effects of the aqueous decoction of S.birrea trunk bark. Methods: Phytochemical analysis was performed by HPLC-MS. The effects of the extracts (Sb5 and Sb25) and 0.9% NaCl on the normal blood glucose levels of the animals were determined. Diabetes induction was performed intraperitoneally by administering a single dose of alloxan (150 mg/kg) in normoglycemic rats. The antidiabetic effects of the extracts (Allox + Sb5, Allox + Sb25) and glibenclamide (Allox + Glib5) were determined in Alloxan-induced diabetic animals for four weeks. Results: Interpretation of mass spectra obtained by HPLC-MS allowed the tentative identification of vanillic acid-4-sulfate and rhamnetin in Sb extract. Investigated doses of Sb extract showed an antidiabetic impact similar to the reference, glibenclamide, with a return to normal blood glucose in all treated rats only after 4 days of treatment. Furthermore, Sb extract treatments reduced weight loss in diabetic rats. Sb had no negative impact on the balance of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the antidiabetic efficacy and, to some extent, the beneficial effects of Sb extract on Alloxan-induced diabetic rats’ health. Detection of antidiabetic phytochemicals such as vanillic acid-4-sulfate and rhamnetin would justify this pharmacological property of the aqueous decoction of S.birrea trunk bark.
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