论《启蒙辩证法》与精神分析之关联——以“启蒙的概念”为例
On the Relationship between “Dialectics of Enlightenment” and Psychoanalysis—Taking the “Concept of Enlightenment” as an Example

精神分析理论和《启蒙辩证法》之间存在一明一暗两条关联线索。一方面霍克海默和阿多诺直接运用精神分析的概念来诠释在神话中主体性的觉醒，对弗洛伊德的观点进行回应并指出巫术并非基于观念万能论，此为明线。另一方面，《启蒙辩证法》在方法论、对文明的悲观看法以及启蒙内涵等都和弗洛伊德存在高度的相似性，此为暗线。通过吸收精神分析理论，法兰克福学派增强了批判理论对于社会心理和文化现象的解释力。
There are two interrelated clues between psychoanalytic theory and “Dialectics of Enlightenment”, one explicit and one implicit. On the one hand, Horkheimer and Adorno directly applied the concept of psychoanalysis to interpret the awakening of subjectivity in mythology, responding to Freud’s viewpoint and pointing out that witchcraft is not based on the omnipotence of ideas, which is a clear line. On the other hand, “Dialectics of Enlightenment” has a high degree of similarity with Freud in methodology, pessimistic views on civilization, and enlightenment connotations, which is a hidden thread. By absorbing psychoanalytic theory, the Frankfurt School enhanced the explanatory power of critical theory for social psychology and cultural phenomena.