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儿童夜遗尿研究进展
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Abstract:
本文全面综述了儿童遗尿症的流行病学特征、病因、诊断及治疗进展。在中国，儿童遗尿症的患病率存在显著的地区差异，可能与经济、文化、医疗条件及生活习惯等因素有关。男性儿童患病率明显高于女性，遗传因素、生理异常和心理因素共同影响儿童遗尿症的发生发展。诊断过程包括病史采集、体格检查、辅助检查和排尿日记等多个方面，以确保诊断的准确性。治疗方面，基础治疗、遗尿报警器、药物治疗、联合治疗及中医疗法均为有效手段。去氨加压素作为一线药物，结合抗胆碱能药物、心理行为指导及中医综合疗法，可显著提高治疗反应率并降低复发率。本文旨在为临床医生提供全面的诊疗参考，促进儿童遗尿症治疗效果的提升。
This article provides a comprehensive review of the epidemiologic features, etiology, diagnosis and treatment progress of childhood enuresis. In China, there are significant regional differences in the prevalence of enuresis in children, which may be related to economic, cultural, medical conditions and living habits. The prevalence of enuresis in male children is significantly higher than that in female children, and genetic factors, physiological abnormalities and psychological factors combine to influence the development of enuresis in children. The diagnostic process includes various aspects such as history taking, physical examination, auxiliary examination and voiding diary to ensure the accuracy of the diagnosis. In terms of treatment, basic therapy, enuresis alarms, medication, combination therapy and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are all effective means. Desmopressin, as a first-line drug, combined with anticholinergic drugs, psycho-behavioral guidance, and integrated Chinese medicine therapy, can significantly improve the treatment response rate and reduce the relapse rate. The aim of this article is to provide clinicians with a comprehensive diagnosis and treatment reference, and to promote the improvement of the therapeutic effect of childhood enuresis.
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