中国哲学史背景下的王阳明“知行合一”论探赜
Exploration of Wang Yangming’s Theory of “Unity of Knowledge and Action” under the Background of Chinese Philosophy History

在宋明儒学的理论背景下，王阳明与朱熹围绕“知”与“行”的关系展开了哲学思考，王阳明主张“知行合一”，强调知与行在本质上的统一，而朱熹则区分知与行逻辑顺序上的先后次第，主张“先知后行”，二者在实践工夫与道德修养的路径上形成了显著对立。王阳明批判朱熹格物致知的分离观点，提出“知行合一”的理念，强调“知”与“行”不是两个孤立的阶段，而是一个不可分割的统一过程。他认为真正的知识必须直接体现在行动上，而行动也必须建立在真知之上，这种观点挑战了传统儒学知行分离的教条。通过“心即理”和“致良知”的哲学主张，王阳明强调了通过内省来实现和发现心中的良知，以此直接接触并实现天理，实现个体行为与宇宙道德法则的和谐统一。这不仅对后世中国哲学和现代实践产生了深远影响还显示了其跨越时代的理论价值和实践意义。
Under the theoretical background of Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties, Wang Yangming and Zhu Xi carried out philosophical thinking on the relationship between “knowing” and “doing”. Wang Yangming advocated “the unity of knowing and doing” emphasizing the unity of knowing and doing in essence, while Zhu Xi distinguished the logical order of knowing and doing, and advocated “knowing before doing”. The two formed a significant opposition in the path of practical work and moral cultivation. Wang Yangming criticized Zhu Xi’s separation of knowledge from things, put forward the concept of “unity of knowledge and action,” and emphasized that “knowledge” and “action” are not two isolated stages, but an inseparable unified process. He believes that real knowledge must be directly reflected in action, and action must be based on true knowledge. This view challenges the dogma of the separation of knowledge and practice in traditional Confucianism. Through the philosophical proposition of “mind is reason” and “conscience,” Wang Yangming emphasized the realization and discovery of conscience in the heart through introspection, so as to directly contact and realize heavenly principles, and realize the harmonious unity of individual behavior and the moral law of the universe. This not only has a profound impact on later Chinese philosophy and modern practice, but also shows its theoretical value and practical significance across the times.