Heavy metals have far-reaching impacts on human health and implications for the development and proliferation of human cancers. Cautions have been increasing over the presence of heavy metals in the environment and their effects on health, particularly the possibility that they could cause cancer in people. Investigation on the tumorigenesis capacity of heavy metals is ongoing since such compounds’ impact on human health remains a serious health issue. Human exposition to aluminum, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, lead, mercury, and nickel as well as the possibility of cancer from these elements have been of significant interest. This review paper explores the multifaceted impact of heavy metals on human cancer development, overall exposure rates to various causing metals, and different strategies to mitigate such human cancers by adapting technical and environmental techniques. We delve into the mechanisms by which heavy metals can induce cellular transformation, including oxidative stress, DNA damage, and disruption of cellular signalling pathways. Additionally, we examine the role of heavy metals in modulating the immune response, contributing to cancer progression.
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