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混播对退化草地植物群落生长及物种多样性的影响
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Abstract:
青海高寒地区建植人工草地有助于“黑土滩”的快速恢复，为了明确单、双子叶植物混播对退化草地修复的作用，在青藏高原三江源区高寒草甸极度退化区域种植单播青海草地早熟禾人工草地(AZ)、单播蕨麻人工草地(AE)及混播青海草地早熟禾 + 蕨麻人工草地(AH)，以天然草地(NP)为对照，试验采用野外群落调查和取样测定的方法，对4种草地群落类型进行研究分析。结果表明：1) 3种人工草地均能明显改变天然草地的物种组成和草地群落，增加播种植物的重要值；2) AH人工草地能增加群落整体株高，大幅度提高群落植被盖度、土壤含水率及植被地上、地下生物量；3) 3种人工草地显著降低天然草地的群落物种多样性，其中混播草地对其降低影响较小。由此可见，青海草地早熟禾与蕨麻混播对退化草地植物群落的生长及物种多样性具有积极的影响，这为高寒地区退化草地的生态快速恢复提供了一定的参考依据。
The establishment of artificial grassland in the alpine area of Qinghai is conducive to the rapid recovery of “black soil beach”. In order to clarify the effects of mixed sowing of mono-dicotyledons on the restoration of degraded grassland, we selected one natural pasture (NP) as a comparison and three different adjacent artificial seeding regimes, namely P. pratensis L.cv. Qinghai (AZ), P. anserine (AE) and P. pratensis L.cv. Qinghai + Potentilla anserine (AH), to establish artificial grasslands for experimental comparison in the extremely degraded area of alpine meadows in the Sanjiangyuan area of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, and the experiments adopted the methods of field community surveys and sample determination. The four types of grassland communities were studied and analyzed. The results showed that: 1) The three kinds of artificial grassland plants can significantly alter species composition of natural pasture and community and increase the important value of seed plants. 2) AH artificial grassland can increase the whole plant height of community and substantially increase community vegetation coverage, soil moisture content and vegetation on the ground and underground biomass. 3) The three kinds of artificial grassland plants significantly reduced the species diversity of natural grassland community, and mixed grassland had little effect on the decrease. It can be concluded that mixed sowing of P. pratensis L.cv. Qinghai + Potentilla anserine has positive effects on the growth and species diversity of degraded grassland, which provides a certain reference basis for the rapid ecological recovery of degraded grassland in alpine regions.
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