“拨”与“拔”的形音义比较研究
A Comparative Study on the Shape, Sound and Meaning of “bo” and “ba”

“拨”与“拔”是两个极易混淆的字，在实际教学中大多数教师通常只是简单地从字形去浅显地比较分析，效果不佳。本文通过深层次的形音义比较研究，探讨了两者的区别。在字形上：经历了甲骨文、篆书、隶书等几个阶段的演变并没有发生太大变化；在读音上，“拨”是一等合口末韵帮母入声字，北末切，中古音读为[pua5]，“拔”是二等开口黠韵並母入声，中古音读为[b？aet5]，在后来的语音演变中各方言点读音也有所差异；在字义方面，“拨”最初指的是奔跑中投掷标枪，在此基础上逐渐演变为具有多重含义的词语，如“分开”、“划分”等；而“拔”的本意是“抽出”，在基础含义上逐渐演变为具有多重含义的词语，如“超出”“攻取”等。此次研究总结了“拨”与“拔”的形音义的演变历程，从而加深对于“拨”与“拔”的了解和使用。
“bō” and “bá” are two words that are easily confused. In actual teaching, most teachers usually simply compare and analyze from the font, and the effect is not good. This paper discusses the differences between the two through a deep comparative study of form, sound and meaning. In terms of glyphs: it has undergone several stages of evolution, such as Oracle Bone Inscriptions, seal script and official script, and has not changed much; Pronunciation, “bō” is a first-class vowel-ending vowel-entering word, which is cut at the end of the north and pronounced as [pua5] in the middle ages, “bá” is a second-class vowel-entering word and pronounced as [b？aet5] in the middle ages, and the pronunciation of each dialect point is also different in the later phonetic evolution. In terms of word meaning, “bō” originally refers to throwing javelin in running, and gradually evolved into words with multiple meanings, such as “separation” and “division”. The original meaning of “bá” is “pull out”, which has gradually evolved into words with multiple meanings, such as “beyond” and “capture”. This study summarizes the evolution of the form, sound and meaning of “bō” and “bá”, so as to deepen the understanding and use of “bō” and “bá”.