西方环境伦理的道德重建与正义取向
Moral Reconstruction and Justice Orientation in Western Environmental Ethics

20世纪六七十年代，随着环境危机的加剧和生态平衡的破坏，西方哲学家开始重新审视人类赖以生存的环境问题，对日益严重的环境危机进行深刻反思，环境伦理理论应运而生。尽管西方哲学家和伦理学者提出了诸如生态中心主义、深层生态学等理论，力图重新定义人与自然的关系，但这些理论在实践中往往遭遇瓶颈。道德重建不仅要求重新审视人类对自然的责任和义务，还需要在社会公正、经济发展与环境保护之间寻找到平衡点。然而，全球化时代的复杂现实，尤其是发达国家与发展中国家在环境问题上的不平等，使得这一重建任务更加艰巨。文章首先阐明环境伦理的内涵和依据，在此基础上探讨了环境伦理道德重建的可行性，以及作为伦理基础的正义取向的内在张力。
In the 1960s and 1970s, with the aggravation of the environmental crisis and the destruction of the ecological balance, Western philosophers began to re-examine the environment and development issues on which human beings depend for their survival, and reflected deeply on the environmental crisis, and the theory of environmental ethics came into being. Although Western philosophers and ethicists have put forward theories such as eco-centrism and deep ecology in an attempt to redefine the relationship between human beings and nature, these theories often encounter bottlenecks in practice. Moral reconstruction requires not only a re-examination of human responsibilities and obligations towards nature, but also a search for a balance between social justice, economic development and environmental protection. However, the complex reality of the era of globalization, especially the inequality between developed and developing countries in environmental issues, makes this reconstruction task even more difficult. The article first clarifies the connotation and basis of environmental ethics, on the basis of which it explores the feasibility of a moral reconstruction of environmental ethics and the inherent tension in the orientation of justice as the basis of ethics.