This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the elements that contribute to body image dissatisfaction among teenagers, along with the resulting consequences. Adolescents often encounter social pressures, media influence, peer comparisons, parental expectations, and personal views that affect their perceptions of their own body image. Adverse impressions of one’s body image may result in diminished self-esteem, psychological problems, and a general state of health and happiness. Interventions such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), counselling services, and resilience-building programs are crucial for resolving body image dissatisfaction and fostering a positive self-image among teenagers. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of these elements is crucial for devising specific treatments aimed at assisting teenagers in strengthening their body image and self-esteem, eventually improving their general well-being and quality of life.
References
[1]
Aparicio-Martinez, P., Perea-Moreno, A., Martinez-Jimenez, M. P., Redel-Macías, M. D., Pagliari, C., & Vaquero-Abellan, M. (2019). Social Media, Thin-Ideal, Body Dissatisfaction and Disordered Eating Attitudes: An Exploratory Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, Article No. 4177. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214177
[2]
Auxier, B., & Anderson, M. (2021). Social Media Use in 2021. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2021/04/07/social-media-use-in-2021/
[3]
Bahaudin, N. H. (2020, October 19). Maut Ketika Proses Sedut Lemak. Harian Metro. https://www.hmetro.com.my/utama/2020/10/632347/maut-ketika-proses-sedut-lemak//
[4]
Brener, N. D., Eaton, D. K., Lowry, R., & McManus, T. (2004). The Association between Weight Perception and BMI among High School Students. Obesity Research, 12, 1866-1874. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2004.232
[5]
Bully, P., & Elosua, P. (2011). Changes in Body Dissatisfaction Relative to Gender and Age: The Modulating Character of BMI. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 14, 313-322. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_sjop.2011.v14.n1.28
[6]
Carey, R. N., Donaghue, N., & Broderick, P. (2010). “What You Look like Is Such a Big Factor”: Girls’ Own Reflections about the Appearance Culture in an All-Girls’ School. Feminism & Psychology, 21, 299-316. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353510369893
[7]
Carvalho, C. B., Arroz, A. M., Martins, R., Costa, R., Cordeiro, F., & Cabral, J. M. (2023). “Help Me Control My Impulses!”: Adolescent Impulsivity and Its Negative Individual, Family, Peer, and Community Explanatory Factors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 52, 2545-2558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-023-01837-z
[8]
Cash, T. F. (2002). Cognitive behavioral Perspectives on Body Image. In T. F. Cash, & T. Pruzinsky (Eds.), Body Images: A Handbook of Theory, Research, and Clinical Practice (pp. 269-276). Guilford.
[9]
Cash, T. F., & Hrabosky, J. I. (2003). The Effects of Psychoeducation and Self-Monitoring in a Cognitive-Behavioral Program for Body-Image Improvement. Eating Disorders, 11, 255-270. https://doi.org/10.1080/10640260390218657
[10]
Chan, Y. L., Samy, A. L., Tong, W. T., Islam, M. A., & Low, W. Y. (2020). Eating Disorder among Malaysian University Students and Its Associated Factors. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 32, 334-339. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539520947879
[11]
Chen, F., Wang, J., Gao, H., Zeng, Y., Li, Z., & Zou, H. (2024). The Relationship between Ostracism and Negative Risk-Taking Behavior: The Role of Ego Depletion and Physical Exercise. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, Article ID: 1332351. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1332351
[12]
Cohen, R., Fardouly, J., Newton-John, T., & Slater, A. (2019). #bopo on Instagram: An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Viewing Body Positive Content on Young Women’s Mood and Body Image. New Media & Society, 21, 1546-1564. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819826530
[13]
Duarte, C., Ferreira, C., Trindade, I. A., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2015). Body Image and College Women’s Quality of Life: The Importance of Being Self-Compassionate. Journal of Health Psychology, 20, 754-764. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105315573438
[14]
Ferguson, C. J., Winegard, B., & Winegard, B. M. (2011). Who Is the Fairest One of All? How Evolution Guides Peer and Media Influences on Female Body Dissatisfaction. Review of General Psychology, 15, 11-28. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022607
[15]
Frisén, A., Hasselblad, T., & Holmqvist, K. (2012). What Actually Makes Bullying Stop? Reports from Former Victims. Journal of Adolescence, 35, 981-990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.02.001
[16]
Goldfield, G. S., Moore, C., Henderson, K., Buchholz, A., Obeid, N., & Flament, M. F. (2010). Body Dissatisfaction, Dietary Restraint, Depression, and Weight Status in Adolescents. Journal of School Health, 80, 186-192. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2009.00485.x
[17]
Griffin, M., Bailey, K. A., & Lopez, K. J. (2022). #BodyPositive? A Critical Exploration of the Body Positive Movement within Physical Cultures Taking an Intersectionality Approach. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 4, Article ID: 908580. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.908580
[18]
Grogan, S. (2016). Body Image: Understanding Body Dissatisfaction in Men, Women and Children. Taylor and Francis.
[19]
Harriger, J. A., & Thompson, J. K. (2012). Psychological Consequences of Obesity: Weight Bias and Body Image in Overweight and Obese Youth. International Review of Psychiatry, 24, 247-253. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2012.678817
[20]
Hart, T. A., Flora, D. B., Palyo, S. A., Fresco, D. M., Holle, C., & Heimberg, R. G. (2008). Development and Examination of the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale. Assessment, 15, 48-59. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191107306673
[21]
Helfert, S., & Warschburger, P. (2011). A Prospective Study on the Impact of Peer and Parental Pressure on Body Dissatisfaction in Adolescent Girls and Boys. Body Image, 8, 101-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.01.004
[22]
Henderson, N., & Milstein, M. M. (2003). Resiliency in Schools: Making It Happen for Students and Educators. Corwin Press.
[23]
Institute for Public Health (2017). National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2017: Adolescent Health Survey 2017. Ministry of Health Malaysia. https://iku.moh.gov.my/images/IKU/Document/REPORT/NHMS2017/AHSReportNHMS2017.pdf
[24]
Jones, D. C., & Crawford, J. K. (2006). The Peer Appearance Culture during Adolescence: Gender and Body Mass Variations. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35, 243-255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-005-9006-5
[25]
Jung, Y., Hyun, M., Kim, M. D., Kwak, Y., Hong, S., Bahk, W. et al. (2014). Factors Associated with Body Image Distortion in Korean Adolescents. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 2014, 797-802. https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s63143
[26]
Keery, H., van den Berg, P., & Thompson, J. K. (2004). An Evaluation of the Tripartite Influence Model of Body Dissatisfaction and Eating Disturbance with Adolescent Girls. Body Image, 1, 237-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2004.03.001
[27]
Khodabakhsh, S., & Leng, C. S. (2020). Relationship between Social Media Usage and Body Image Evaluation in Malaysian Youth. Malaysian Journal of Medical Research, 4, 62-67. https://doi.org/10.31674/mjmr.2020.v04i04.013
[28]
Liu, W. (2024). Exploring the Persuasive Influence of Physical Attractiveness Premium in the Recruiting Process: A Study Using the Elaboration Likelihood Model. Journal of Service Science and Management, 17, 89-106. https://doi.org/10.4236/jssm.2024.171004
[29]
Lopez, Y., Rouzic, J. L., Bertaud, V., Pérard, M., Clerc, J. L., & Vulcain, J. (2013). Influence of Teeth on the Smile and Physical Attractiveness. A New Internet Based Assessing Method. Open Journal of Stomatology, 3, 52-57. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojst.2013.31010
[30]
Markey, C. N. (2010). Invited Commentary: Why Body Image Is Important to Adolescent Development. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 1387-1391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-010-9510-0
[31]
Masitom, N. H. (2022, December 10). RisikoSedut Lemak. https://www.bharian.com.my/bhplus-old/2015/03/39103/risiko-sedut-lemak//
[32]
Melissa, L. S. (2020, December 9). Proses Sedut Lemak. https://www.hmetro.com.my/utama/218014/proses-sedut-lemak//
[33]
Mulkens, S., Bos, A. E. R., Uleman, R., Muris, P., Mayer, B., & Velthuis, P. (2012). Psychopathology Symptoms in a Sample of Female Cosmetic Surgery Patients. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, 65, 321-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2011.09.038
[34]
Newman, B. M., & Newman, P. R. (2016). Theories of Human Development. Psychology Press.
[35]
Niven, A., Fawkner, S., Knowles, A.-M., Henretty, J., & Stephenson, C. (2009). Social Physique Anxiety and Physical Activity in Early Adolescent Girls: The Influence of Maturation and Physical Activity Motives. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27, 299-305. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410802578164
[36]
O’Keeffe, G. S., & Clarke-Pearson, K. (2011). The Impact of Social Media on Children, Adolescents, and Families. Pediatrics, 127, 800-804. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-0054
[37]
Pengpid, S., & Peltzer, K. (2018). Risk of Disordered Eating Attitudes and Its Relation to Mental Health among University Students in Asean. Eating and Weight Disorders—Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 23, 349-355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-018-0507-0
[38]
Pfeifer, J. H., & Berkman, E. T. (2018). The Development of Self and Identity in Adolescence: Neural Evidence and Implications for a Value‐Based Choice Perspective on Motivated Behavior. Child Development Perspectives, 12, 158-164. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12279
[39]
Roosen, M. A., Safer, D., Adler, S., Cebolla, A., & van Strien, T. (2012). Group Dialectical Behavior Therapy Adapted for Obese Emotional Eaters; a Pilot Study. NutricionHospitalaria, 27, 1141-1147. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2012.27.4.5843
[40]
Sasirekha, V. (2012). Advertisement Pressure and Its Impact on Body Dissatisfaction and Body Image Perception of Women in India. Global Media Journal, 3, 1-9.
[41]
Seetha, N. (2014). Are Soft Skills Important in the Workplace? A Preliminary Investigation in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 4, 44-56. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v4-i4/751
[42]
Shroff, H., & Thompson, J. K. (2004). Body Image and Eating Disturbance in India: Media and Interpersonal Influences. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 35, 198-203. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.10229
[43]
Singh, S., & Gadiraju, P. (2020). Prevalence and Correlates of Body Dissatisfaction and Disordered Eating Patterns in Indian Youth: The Role of Media. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 62, 509-516. https://doi.org/10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_737_19
[44]
Smolak, L., & Thompson, J. K. (Eds.) (2009). Body Image, Eating Disorders, and Obesity in Youth: Assessment, Prevention, and Treatment (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/11860-000
[45]
Stice, E., Yokum, S., Rohde, P., Cloud, K., & Desjardins, C. D. (2021). Comparing Healthy Adolescent Females with and without Parental History of Eating Pathology on Neural Responsivity to Food and Thin Models and Other Potential Risk Factors. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 130, 608-619. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000686
[46]
Szwedo, D. E., Davis, A. A., Fowler, C., Mikami, A. Y., & Allen, J. P. (2024). Social Media Posts from Friends during Late Adolescence as Predictors of Young Adult Physical Health. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 53, 784-798. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-024-01945-4
[47]
Vega, H. B., Chávez, J. F. A., Rodríguez-Villalobos, J. M., Ornelas, J. R. B., & López, H. L. M. (2014). Body Image Anxiety on University Students (Differences between Men and Women). Open Journal of Medical Psychology, 3, 348-354. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojmp.2014.35036
[48]
Velayudhan, A., Gayatridevi, S., & Bhattacharjee, R. (2010). Efficacy of Behavioral Intervention in Reducing Anxiety and Depression among Medical Students. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 19, 41-46. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-6748.77636
