现代社会人的主体性消解与重建——马克思资本主体性批判研究
The Dissolution and Reconstruction of Human Subjectivity in Modern Society—Study of Marx’s Critical Theory of Capital Subjectivity

资本是现代社会的本质范畴和建制原则。马克思立足于历史唯物主义哲学原则，从劳动群众和无产阶级的生存境况出发，解剖了现代社会的资本关系实质：资本僭越为统治一切存在的以物为表现形态的主体性存在。资本主体统治下主体的人沦为剥削与奴役的对象客体，表现为人是以物的依赖为基础的虚假主体，深陷主体生存危机和主体意识危机之中。拯救人的主体困境，推动社会历史进步，需要以“资本批判”为主题的政治经济学批判。使人从资本奴役的现代劳动中获得解放，不仅是现代人主体困境的解救，更是人类的自我救赎。
Capital is the essential category and founding principle of modern society. Based on the philosophical principle of historical materialism, Marx dissected the essence of capital relations in modern society from the existential situation of the laboring masses and the proletariat: capital has usurped itself as a subjective being that rules all existence and takes objects as its manifestation. Under the rule of the subject of capital, the human being is reduced to the object of exploitation and enslavement, which is manifested in the fact that the human being is a false subject based on the dependence on things, and is deeply trapped in the crisis of the subject’s existence and the crisis of the subject’s consciousness. In order to save the subjective plight of human beings and promote social and historical progress, it is necessary to criticize political economy with the theme of “capital criticism”. The liberation of human beings from the modern labor enslaved by capital is not only the rescue of the subjective predicament of modern human beings, but also the self-redemption of human beings.