成都市居民膳食质量评价及其影响因素分析
Evaluation of Dietary Quality of Chengdu Residents and Analysis of Its Influencing Factors

本文旨在评价成都市居民膳食质量，探究膳食不足与过量的影响因素，为提高居民膳食质量提供决策依据。通过多阶段抽样方法抽取成都市成年居民作为研究对象并进行实地访问，共收集2245份有效问卷。采用膳食平衡指数(DBI-16)评价居民膳食质量，利用多因素线性回归方法分析膳食摄入不足及摄入过量的影响因素。结果表明：成都市居民膳食不足与膳食过量的问题并存，以膳食不足为主，且存在膳食不均衡情况。显著问题表现在奶类、豆类与水果摄入不足的人群占比分别为92%、83.6%、81.8%，畜禽类、油脂摄入过量的人群占比分别为76.3%、75.1%。居民膳食不足的影响因素主要有性别、受教育程度、劳动强度以及是否参加体育锻炼；膳食过量的影响因素主要有年龄、性别、目前是否饮酒、劳动强度以及是否参加体育锻炼。建议政府、社会以及居民自身积极采取相应对策以改善膳食行为，提升膳食健康水平。
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the dietary quality of the residents of Chengdu City, explore the influencing factors of dietary insufficiency and excess, and provide a basis for decision-making to improve the dietary quality of the residents. Adult residents of Chengdu City were selected as study subjects and interviewed in the field through multi-stage sampling method, and a total of 2245 valid questionnaires were collected. The Dietary Balance Index (DBI-16) was used to evaluate the dietary quality of the residents, and the influencing factors of insufficient and excessive dietary intake were analyzed using multifactor linear regression. The results showed that the problem of dietary insufficiency and dietary excess coexisted in Chengdu residents, with dietary insufficiency as the main problem and dietary imbalance. Significant problems were found in the proportion of people with insufficient intake of milk, beans, and fruits, which were 92%, 83.6%, and 81.8%, respectively, and the proportion of people with excessive intake of livestock, poultry and fats and oils, which were 76.3% and 75.1%, respectively. The main factors affecting residents’ dietary insufficiency are gender, education level, labor intensity, and whether or not they participate in physical exercise; the main factors affecting dietary excess are age, gender, whether or not they currently drink alcohol, labor intensity and whether or not they participate in physical exercise. It is recommended that the government, society, and the residents themselves actively take corresponding countermeasures to improve dietary behavior and enhance dietary health.