Cytosteatonecrosis of the newborn (CSNN), though rare, is a benign panniculitis that causes various skin lesions (hardened, purplish plaques/nodules). This condition can occur in infants of diabetic mothers or those who have experienced birth asphyxia and may be unfamiliar to some healthcare practitioners. CSNN can lead to complications such as life-threatening hypercalcemia and metabolic disorders. This case study reports on a two-week-old newborn with CSNN, admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at the Pediatric Center of Mohammed VI Hospital in Marrakech. The infant, born to a diabetic mother, was initially treated for neonatal respiratory distress. Four days after discharge, a biopsy-confirmed the diagnosis of CSNN, revealing lesions on the scalp, thighs and neck. At 1.5 months, the patient developed a scalp abscess and hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia was effectively managed with hyperhydration and diuretics, resulting in the normalization of calcium levels. Abdominopelvic and transthoracic cardiac ultrasounds were normal. By six months, the patient’s skin lesions had spontaneously regressed.
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