工业机器人应用与我国地区收入差距——基于地区比较优势视角的研究
Application of Industrial Robots and Regional Income Gap in China—A Study Based on the Perspective of Regional Comparative Advantage

基于2006~2021年我国大陆29个省的面板数据，从地区比较优势理论出发，采用双向固定效应模型和分位数回归模型实证研究了工业机器人应用对我国地区收入差距的影响，并对相关影响机制进行探讨。研究结果表明：1) 工业机器人应用整体上缩小了我国地区收入差距。其中，工业机器人应用对地区收入差距的影响呈现出先缩小后扩大的阶段性特征。2) 工业机器人通过削弱高收入地区劳动力和资本比较优势，进而缩小地区收入差距；工业机器人通过增强高收入地区技术比较优势，进而扩大地区收入差距；工业机器人应用对劳动力和资本比较优势的削弱作用超过了其对技术比较优势的增强作用，进而使得整体收入差距缩小。3) 工业机器人应用引起的收入差距缩小作用更多地表现在低经济发展水平、低教育水平和低劳动力水平地区。据此，我们提出了相应的政策建议。
Based on the panel data of 29 provinces in China from 2006 to 2021, based on the theory of regional comparative advantage, the bidirectional fixed effect model and quantile regression model were used to empirically study the impact of industrial robot application (ROBOT) on China’s regional income disparities (RID), and the related influencing mechanism was discussed. The study found that: 1) ROBOT can narrow the RID in China as a whole. Among them, the impact of ROBOT on RID shows a phased feature of first narrowing and then expanding. 2) ROBOT can narrow the RID by weakening the comparative advantage of labor and capital in high-income areas; ROBOT can expand the RID by enhancing the technological comparative advantage of high-income areas; ROBOT has weakened the comparative advantage of labor and capital more than it has enhanced the comparative advantage of technology, thus narrowing the overall income gap. 3) The narrowing of the RID caused by the ROBOT is more visible in areas with low economic development level, low education level and low labor level. Accordingly, we put forward corresponding policy recommendations.