机器体系、自我异化与真正自由：《资本论》中的机器思想探析
Machine Systems, Self-Alienation and True Freedom: An Exploration of the Machine Idea in Capital

马克思在《资本论》中认为，从工具到自动化机器的过渡，是资本主义生产方式真正意义上的改变，发达的机器体系是一种使工业革命前所未有活跃起来的自动化系统，初步构建了资本主义社会大生产的雏形。机器原本是科学技术发展的成果，理应为人类的自由解放铺就阶梯，但资本的意志占领了机器体系，由此表现对劳动者异己的力量，机器超越了宗教神话中的“神”，工人成为了机器的仆人，必须服从机器的运作模式和规则，而看不见的资本，却获得了自身统治的“永恒”。在当代，以《资本论》为出发点，对马克思“机器思想”进行再思考，对于挖掘马克思“机器思想”的时代生命力，正确对待人工智能时代的“人”与“机”的关系，引导我国战略性新兴产业与未来产业的发展，加速新质生产力的形成，都有着理论价值和现实意义。
In Capital, Marx regarded the transformation of tools into automatic machines as a real change in the capitalist mode of production, and the developed automatic machine system activated the unprecedented development of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the prototype of capitalist socialised mass production. Machines were originally the fruit of scientific and technological development, which should have paved the way for human freedom and emancipation. However, the will of capital occupied the machine system, thus manifesting its power of alienation over the labourers, with the machines assuming the status of masters over “God” and the labourers being reduced to the status of servants of the machines, being forced to accept the machine’s modus operandi and all kinds of discipline. The invisible capital thus realises the “eternity” of its dominance. In today’s society, from the theoretical logic of Capital, re-examining Marx’s idea of machine is of great theoretical value and practical significance for the development of Marx’s idea of machine, correctly dealing with the relationship between man and machine in the age of artificial intelligence, leading the development of strategic emerging industries and future industries, and accelerating the formation of new productive forces.