基于标准被试的座椅静态舒适性仿真评价研究
Research on Simulative Evaluation of Seat Static Comfort Based on Standard Test-Subjects

体压分布是度量座椅静态乘坐舒适性的重要指标。目前通过试验获取真人体压分布的方式不能用在设计早期来预测座椅舒适性。本研究实现了一种能够在设计早期应用的体压分布仿真和座椅舒适度评价方法。提出了标准被试的概念，并根据本研究特点和要求，面向中国人群，通过抽样得到95百分位身高男子、50百分位身高男女和5百分位身高女子的人体尺寸，进而建立对应的人体几何和生物力学模型，作为体压分布仿真的标准被试。面向汽车座椅体压分布仿真和舒适性评价的需要，研究了准确计算体压分布的座椅、人体方面的因素和体压分布仿真方法。通过小规模实验建立了座椅舒适度区间评价标准和头颈部舒适度评价标准。结合某SUV座椅开发进行了体压分布仿真分析和舒适性评价，并通过实验验证了上述仿真方法和评价标准的有效性和准确性。
The body pressure distribution is an important index in evaluating seat static comfort. At present the interface pressure acquiring method of real person testing is unable to be used in the early stage of design for seat comfort evaluation. In this study a method for body pressure distribution simulation and comfort evaluation was realized which can be used in the early stage of design. The standard test-subject concept was proposed. According to the status and requirements of this study, and by sampling the Chinese anthropometry database the anthropometric dimensions of percentile-95 male, percentile-50 male and female, and percentile-5 female individuals were obtained. Based on these data the corresponding geometric and biomechanical models were established, which were used as the standard test-subjects of body pressure simulation. To meet the requirements of body pressure distribution simulation and comfort evaluation of automobile seats, the factors of the seat and human body in body pressure distribution were studied, as well as the methods for accurate body pressure distribution simulation. The interval-evaluation standard of body pressure and the head-neck comfort evaluation standard were established by small-scale experiments. The body pressure distribution simulation and comfort evaluation were implemented in the development of a specific SUV seat, which validated the effectiveness and accuracy of the above simulation methods and evaluation standards by tests.