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补偿控制理论视角下的大学生网络攻击行为探析
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Abstract:
在不确定性的环境中，网络攻击行为是“全人视域”下大学生心理健康发展急需关注的课题。补偿性控制理论认为个体控制感是人类基本的心理需求之一，控制感对个体的生存和发展有着重要意义，若原本由自己掌控的生活被打乱，甚至自身安全遭受威胁，个体将陷入失衡、失控的状态中。对此，个体会表现出对具有秩序性、确定性以及可预测性的事物的偏好，通过多种途径来“补偿”内在的“失控”，重建“平衡”，实现补偿性控制。该理论对于大学生网络攻击行为具有较强的解释力，并为如何应对提供了较好的指导框架。围绕由“X大学取消毕业典礼”引发的网络攻击事件，对11名该校大学生进行半结构化访谈。通过协商一致的质性研究(CQR)对文本资料进行分析发现，造成网络攻击行为的因素为外部环境、重要事件、沟通模式、特殊群体四个方面；本文在补偿性控制理论的视角下，从内在秩序、因果秩序、信息秩序等方面去探讨该事件发生的原因及机制，并建立应对网络攻击事件的框架方案，以支持高校及其他各类社会组织有效开展学生工作。
In an uncertain environment, cyber attacks are an urgent topic for the mental health development of college students from a “holistic perspective”. Compensatory control theory believes that individual control is one of the basic psychological needs of human beings, and that control is of great significance to the survival and development of individuals. If an individual’s life, originally under their own control, is disrupted, and even their personal safety is threatened, the individual will fall into a state of imbalance and loss of control. In this regard, individuals will show a preference for things that are orderly, certain, and predictable, and use a variety of ways to “compensate” for the internal “loss of control”, rebuild the “balance”, and achieve compensatory control. This theory has a strong explanatory power for college students’ cyber attack behavior, and provides a good guiding framework for how to deal with it. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 university students in connection with the cyberattack triggered by the cancellation of the graduation ceremony of X University. The analysis of textual data using Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) revealed that the factors contributing to cyber-attacks include four key aspects: external environment, significant events, communication patterns, and specific groups. From the perspective of compensatory control theory, this paper explores the causes and mechanisms of cyber attacks from the aspects of internal order, causal order and information order, and establishes a framework scheme to deal with cyber attacks, so as to support universities and other social organizations to effectively carry out student work.
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