The aim of this study is to show that the development model for top-level handball in the Congo, inherited from France, is unsuited to the local context and to global, harmonious development, i.e. economic, scientific and technological development. For this, the authors use a model obtained from the combination of two theoretical models by Castejon Paz and Novikov and Maximenko. They analyze the sporting elements through Congo’s handball achievements and results, the sporting situation and, finally, the sporting level. The results show that the transfer of the Western model to a black African country like the Congo is applied outside its logic.
References
[1]
Abbassi, D. (2009). Le sport dans l’empire français : un instrument de domination? Outre-mers, 96, 5-15. https://doi.org/10.3406/outre.2009.4411
[2]
Barreira, J., Santos, F., Mazzei, L. C., & Galatti, L. R. (2022). The Sport Development and Its Socio-Cultural and Managerial Aspects: An Integrative Review. Motriz: Revista de Educação Física, 28, e10220009722. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-657420220097422
[3]
Black, D. R. (2010). The Ambiguities of Development: Implications for ‘Development through Sport’. Sport in Society, 13, 121-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430430903377938
[4]
Bouvier, P. (2010). Colonisation et pratiques sportives. Journal des anthropologues, 120-121. https://doi.org/10.4000/jda.4208
[5]
CAHB (2006). Rapport sur le développement du handball en Afrique. Confédération Africaine de Handball.
[6]
Castejon, P. B. (1973). La rationalisation des choix en matière de politique sportive. Conseil de l’Europe.
[7]
Charitas, P. (2009). La Commission d’Aide Internationale Olympique (CAIO): Un Instrument de propagande soviétique? (1951-1962). Sport History Review, 40, 143-166. https://doi.org/10.1123/shr.40.2.143
[8]
Deville-Danthu, B. (1998). Le développement des activités sportives en Afrique occidentale française: Un bras de fer entre sportifs et administration coloniale (1920-1956). Revue française d’histoire d’outre-mer, 85, 105-118. https://doi.org/10.3406/outre.1998.3603
[9]
Dikoume, F. C., & Jabea, C. B. (2016). L’impact de la «démocratie sportive» sur le «Service public du sport en Afrique et par ricochet au Cameroun». SHS Web of Conferences, 32, Article 04001. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20163204001
[10]
Dunning, E. (1994). Sport in Space and Time: “Civilizing Processes”, Trajectories of State-Formation and the Development of Modern Sport. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 29, 331-345. https://doi.org/10.1177/101269029402900402
[11]
Giband, D., & Holz, J. (2007). Les territoires du sport entre politiques et pratiques. Presses Universitaires de Perpignan.
[12]
Gouda, S. (1986). Analyse organisationnelle des activités physiques et sportives dans un pays d’Afrique noire: Le Bénin. Thèse de doctorat du 3e cycle STAPS, Université de Grenoble.
[13]
Gouda, S. (1997). Etats, Sports et Politiques en Afrique noire francophone: Cas du Bénin, du Congo, du Niger et du Sénégal. Thèse pour le doctorat de l’Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble, Mention STAPS.
[14]
Green, B. C. (2005). Building Sport Programs to Optimize Athlete Recruitment, Retention, and Transition: Toward a Normative Theory of Sport Development. Journal of Sport Management, 19, 233-253. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.19.3.233
[15]
Green, M., & Houlihan, B. (2008). Comparative Elite Sport Development: Systems, Structures and Public Policy. Butterworth Heinemann.
[16]
Green, M., & Oakley, B. (2001). Elite Sport Development Systems and Playing to Win: Uniformity and Diversity in International Approaches. Leisure Studies, 20, 247-267. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614360110103598
[17]
Halldorsson, V., Thorlindsson, T., & Katovich, M. A. (2017). Teamwork in Sport: A Sociological Analysis. Sport in Society, 20, 1281-1296. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2017.1284798
[18]
Lehman, D. (2010). Development Theory. Roulegde.
[19]
Litoto Pambou, L., Leyinda, A. P., Elenga, H. B. et al. (2020). Les facettes des pratiques magiques dans le football de compétition en milieu africain. American Journal of Innovative Research and Applied Sciences, 11, 54-64.
[20]
Loubet Del Bayle, J. L. (2000). Initiation aux méthodes sciences sociales. Editions Méditerranée.
[21]
Lyras, A., & Welty Peachey, J. (2011). Integrating Sport-for-Development Theory and Praxis. Sport Management Review, 14, 311-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2011.05.006
[22]
Magema, J., Loufoua, D., Litoto Pambou, L., & Ntinu, B. (2016). Practical Magic Religious of the Pastors and Maestro’s Fetish in Congolese Football. Advances in Applied Sociology, 6, 389-399. https://doi.org/10.4236/aasoci.2016.612029
[23]
Mucchielli, A. (1998). Approche systémique et communicationnelle des organisations. Armand Colin.
[24]
Novikov, A. D., & Maximenko, A. M. (1972). The Influence of Selected Socio-Economic Factors on the Level of Sports Achievements in the Various Countries. International Review of Sport Sociology, 7, 27-44. https://doi.org/10.1177/101269027200700102
[25]
Odier, M. E. (1985). Social Host Liability: Opening a Pandora’s Box. Indiana Law Journal,61, Article 6. https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj/vol61/iss1/6
[26]
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
[27]
Simon Rofe, J. (2021). Sport Diplomacy and Sport for Development Sfd: A Discourse of Challenges and Opportunity. Journal of Global Sport Management, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2021.2010024
