明代湖广巡抚群体考察
Investigation of Huguang Governor Group in Ming Dynasty

巡抚制度是明朝为改变地方上三司互相推诿导致工作效率低下的情况以及出于加强中央集权的需要所创立的一项重要制度。湖广地区位于天下之中，地理位置得天独厚，且是明代重要的粮食输出省份。作为总揽湖广大权的湖广巡抚群体无疑具有重要的研究意义。根据笔者统计，明代湖广巡抚一职始置于宣德五年，有明一代共有105人出任湖广巡抚，其中实际到任者103人。本文将在前人研究的基础上，以湖广巡抚的仕途履历为视点，通过考实和统计法，探究明廷在湖广巡抚的籍贯、选任来源、任期和离任情况方面的考量，丰富对明代湖广地区的区域史研究。
The governor system was an important system created in the Ming Dynasty to change the inefficiency of the three departments in each province and to strengthen the need of centralization. Huguang region is located in the middle of China, with a unique geographical position, and is an important grain exporting province in Ming Dynasty. As the overall power of Huguang, Huguang governor group undoubtedly has important research significance. According to the author’s statistics, the post of Huguang governor in the Ming Dynasty was first placed in the fifth year of the Xuande reign period, and a total of 105 people were appointed as Huguang governor in the Ming generation, of which 103 were actually appointed. On the basis of previous studies, this paper will take the official career of Huguang governor as a point of view, and explore the considerations of Huguang governor’s birthplace, source of election, tenure and departure in the Ming Court through examination and statistics, so as to enrich the research on the regional history of Huguang region in the Ming Dynasty.