基于TRIZ的教学改革设计与实践
Design and Practice of Teaching Reform Based on TRIZ

随着人工智能时代的到来，创新和创业成为当代大学生实践的主旋律，而创新思维是创新能力体现的核心。培养大学生创新思维，TRIZ是一个很好的工具。TRIZ法是一种基于知识的方法，它通过采用自然科学及工程技术中的效应知识，是解决发明问题启发式的方法论。其特点是基于逻辑和数据而不是直觉，因此能够提供再现性和可预测性。把TRIZ应用于大学生创新实践活动，指导学生应用创新工具规范化创新活动，提升其发现问题，分析问题和解决问题的能力是一种实践教学的改革。本文首先介绍TRIZ的发展历史及国内外应用现况；其次，分析大学生实践活动的特点；第三，详细介绍TRIZ导入实践教学的过程；第四，以实践案例说明TRIZ指导创新实践的方法和过程；最后，给出本文小结。
With the advent of the era of artificial intelligence, innovation and entrepreneurship have become the main themes of contemporary college students’ practice, and innovative thinking is the core of innovative ability. TRIZ is a great tool for cultivating innovative thinking among college students. TRIZ method is a knowledge-based approach that utilizes knowledge of effects from natural sciences and engineering technology to solve heuristic methods for solving invention problems. Its characteristic is based on logic and data rather than intuition, thus providing reproducibility and predictability. Applying TRIZ to college students’ innovative practice activities, guiding students to apply innovative tools to standardize innovation activities, and enhancing their ability to identify, analyze, and solve problems is a reform of practical teaching. This article begins by introducing the development history of TRIZ and its current application status both domestically and internationally. Secondly, it analyzes the characteristics of practical activities among university students. Thirdly, it provides a detailed introduction to the process of introducing TRIZ into practical teaching. Fourthly, practical case studies are used to illustrate the methods and processes of TRIZ in guiding innovative practices. Finally, a summary of this article is presented.