以“户口”为例探究中国特色术语的文化外译以及接受度
Research on Cultural Foreign Translation and Acceptance of Terms with Chinese Characteristics: Taking “Hukou” as an Example

文化特色词由于很难在目标语中找到对应词，因此在对外翻译传播中应如何释译往往是一大难题。不同学者观点各不相同。其译义方式可概括为音译、音译加注、直译和意译等。本研究以“户口”的外译为例，以其在学术领域的翻译为语料来源，考察其对应译词在Web of science以及论文集Handbook on Class and Social Stratification in China的收释情况，以时间段划分进行历时分析，总结归纳“户口”一词外译过程中使用的翻译策略，并且根据各个阶段的译词来研究国内外对于该术语翻译的接受问题。本文发现，“户口”一词在外译过程中主要使用了三种翻译策略——音译，意译以及音译加注。学界对于译词的接受度较高的词分别为“hukou system”以及“the household registration system”。这两个翻译都遵循了术语翻译的简明性，“the household registration system”这一意译方法有效帮目的语者理解这一学术概念，而“hukou system”这一音译方法虽然在最开始因为陌生性并不能被人所理解，但是随着潜移默化的使用也逐渐被接受。总体而言，当前中国特色术语的翻译趋势正显著地朝向简明化与统一化的方向迈进，这一转变不仅体现了翻译实践的高效性与规范性，更深刻地展现了中国文化的独特魅力和深厚底蕴。
Cultural-specific terms often pose a significant challenge in translation and dissemination due to their difficulty in finding equivalent expressions in the target language. Different scholars have different views. The way of translation can be summarized as transliteration, transliteration and annotation, literal translation and paraphrase. Taking the foreign translation of “hukou” as an example and conducting the diachronic analysis by time division, this study takes its translation in the academic field as the corpus source, examines the reception and interpretation of its corresponding translation words in Web of science and the collection of papers Handbook on Class and Social Stratification in China, and summarizes the translation strategies used in the process of translating the word “hukou”. In addition, according to the translation of each stage, the acceptance of the translation of the term at home and abroad is studied. This paper finds that there are three main translation strategies used in the process of translating “hukou”: transliteration, paraphrasing, and transliteration with annotation. The words with high acceptance of translation are “hukou system” and “the household registration system”. Both translations follow the conciseness of terminology translation, and the translation “the household registration system” is effective in helping the target speaker understand this academic concept, while the transliteration method of “hukou system”, although not understood at first due to strangeness, has gradually been accepted and used. Overall, the current trend in translating Chinese-specific terminology is notably moving towards simplification and